Synthesis of polystyrene-based hyper-cross-linked polymers for Cd(II) ions removal from aqueous solutions: Experimental and RSM modeling

Masoumi, Hadiseh; Ghaemi, Ahad; Gilani, Hossein Gannadzadeh

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125923

Cited by 53 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…In the second-order model, the values of R 2 at temperatures 35, 40, and 55 °C are 0.997, 0.9997, and 0.998, respectively. The values of R 2 in this model are higher than in the other models (Masoumi et al 2021a).…”

Section: Kinetic Modelingcontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…Four parameters, including temperature, Pb(II) initial concentration, pH, and contact time with five levels, have been used in the design of experiments. The coded and actual quantities of parameters have been summarized in Table 4 (Masoumi et al 2021a(Masoumi et al , 2021b.…”

Section: Response Surface Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermodynamic parameters are so important for a better comprehension of the temperature effects on adsorption. The thermodynamic characteristics include Gibbs free energy changes (ΔG°), entropy change (ΔS°), and reaction enthalpy change (ΔH°) for Pb(II) adsorption, and they can be computed exerting Van Hoff's equation as follows (Manirethan et al 2018;Masoumi et al 2021aMasoumi et al , 2021bSemerjian 2018):…”

Section: Thermodynamic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metal ions are hydrated in aqueous solutions. When the metal ions are adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent, water molecules formerly attached to the ions get dispersed in the aqueous solution; this consequently causes entropy increment (Masoumi et al 2021a(Masoumi et al , 2021b(Masoumi et al , 2021c.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of hypercrosslinked microporous polymer based on carbazole networks for Pb(II) ions removal from aqueous solutions

Haratbar

Ghaemi

Nasiri

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In this research, porous adsorbents of hypercrosslinked microporous polymer based on carbazole networks (HCP-CN) were synthesized for Pb(II) elimination from wastewaters. The results demonstrated that the extreme HCP-CN adsorbents utilization in wastewater treatment could remove more than 99.88% of Pb (II) ions. Furthermore, the two consumed adsorbents similarly indicated rapid adsorption kinetics, and it merely took a while to achieve adsorption equilibrium. These characteristics showed that HCP-CN adsorbent was an outstanding candidate for Pb(II) elimination from wastewater. Besides, the thermodynamic characteristics involving Gibbs free energy change (ΔG 0 ), entropy change (ΔS 0 ), and enthalpy change (ΔH 0 ) of the adsorption procedure were evaluated, and the results affirmed that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. In addition, response surface methodology (RSM) as a statistical investigation was used to optimize adsorption factors to obtain maximum adsorption capacity and investigate the interactive effect of parameters using central composite design (CCD). Optimum conditions obtained by RSM for maximum adsorption capacity of 26.02 mg/g are 35 °C, 40 mg/L, 11, 60 min, and 99.88 for temperature, initial concentration, pH, time, and removal percent, respectively. In the kinetic modeling study, the second-order model was selected as the best model. The values R 2 at temperatures 35 °C, 40 °C, and 55 °C are 0.997, 0.9997, and 0.998, respectively. In the isotherm modeling, Hill model with a value R 2 of 0.9766 has a superior precision compared to the other isotherm models. Also, the values of ΔH and ΔS at Pb(II) concentration of 60 mg/L are 122.622 kJ/mol and 0.463 kJ/mole K, respectively.

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Section: Kinetic Modelingcontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Response Surface Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermodynamic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermodynamic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of hypercrosslinked microporous polymer based on carbazole networks for Pb(II) ions removal from aqueous solutions

Haratbar

Ghaemi

Nasiri

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Adsorption efficiencies of each polymer were evaluated in terms of equilibrium adsorption capacity ( q e , mg g −1 ), the amount of pollutant adsorbed at equilibrium per unit mass of adsorbent, and the percentage removal efficiency (%RE) (eqn (1) and (2)). 27 In addition, adsorption selectivity was calculated by using the ratio of %RE of cationic to anionic dye (eqn (3)):where C i (mg L −1 ) is the initial concentration of the pollutant, C e (mg L −1 ) is the equilibrium concentration of the pollutant after adsorption, V S (L) is the volume of the solution and m (g) is the mass of the adsorbent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and post-polymerization functionalization of a tosylated hyper-crosslinked polymer for fast and efficient removal of organic pollutants in water

Todee

Chutimasakul²,

Junthod

et al. 2022

Mater. Chem. Front.

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Synthesis and characterization of waste Styrofoam hypercrosslinked polymer as an adsorbent for CO₂ capture

Maleki

Ghaemi

Sadeghi

2022

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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In this work, we used waste Styrofoam as a precursor to synthesize a hypercrosslinked polymeric (HCP) adsorbent for CO2 adsorption utilizing the Friedel–Craft procedure. The hypercrosslinked adsorbent was designed using formaldehyde dimethyl acetal (FDA) as the crosslinker. The precursor to crosslinker to catalyst ratio was 1:3:3, and the HCP synthesis was carried out for 12 h at 312.6 K. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to analyze the waste Styrofoam hypercrosslinked (WSHC) adsorbent. The adsorbent attained an 802.84 m2/g Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and an average pore diameter of 2.869 m3/g. The CO2 adsorption process was studied under different operating conditions, temperature between 298 and 328 K and pressure between 2 and 10 bar. WSHC adsorbent has the maximum CO2 uptake with a value of 11.053 mmol/g at 298 K and 10 bar. The behavior of the adsorption process was investigated using isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic models. Experimental findings indicated that the Sips isotherm and the second‐order kinetic models provided the best fit. The isotherm data indicated that adsorption occurs in multi‐layers and is heterogeneous. According to the thermodynamic characteristics, the process is exothermic and spontaneous. Finally, the kinetic findings established that the process happened physically. Additionally, a regeneration study after seven cycles revealed a 96.1% success rate. The current research may attempt to use waste Styrofoam as a gas separation adsorbent in the industry.

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Synthesis of polystyrene-based hyper-cross-linked polymers for Cd(II) ions removal from aqueous solutions: Experimental and RSM modeling

Cited by 53 publications

References 85 publications

Potential of hypercrosslinked microporous polymer based on carbazole networks for Pb(II) ions removal from aqueous solutions

Potential of hypercrosslinked microporous polymer based on carbazole networks for Pb(II) ions removal from aqueous solutions

Synthesis and post-polymerization functionalization of a tosylated hyper-crosslinked polymer for fast and efficient removal of organic pollutants in water

Synthesis and characterization of waste Styrofoam hypercrosslinked polymer as an adsorbent for CO₂ capture

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Synthesis of polystyrene-based hyper-cross-linked polymers for Cd(II) ions removal from aqueous solutions: Experimental and RSM modeling

Cited by 53 publications

References 85 publications

Potential of hypercrosslinked microporous polymer based on carbazole networks for Pb(II) ions removal from aqueous solutions

Potential of hypercrosslinked microporous polymer based on carbazole networks for Pb(II) ions removal from aqueous solutions

Synthesis and post-polymerization functionalization of a tosylated hyper-crosslinked polymer for fast and efficient removal of organic pollutants in water

Synthesis and characterization of waste Styrofoam hypercrosslinked polymer as an adsorbent for CO2 capture

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Synthesis and characterization of waste Styrofoam hypercrosslinked polymer as an adsorbent for CO₂ capture