“…From Figure 3A for Mo 2 C@C, besides the diffraction peaks from C, the other characteristic peaks are shown at 34.5, 38.0, 39.6, 52.3, 61.9, 69.8, 75.0, and 76.0 • , which can only be ascribed to the hexagonal β -Mo 2 C phase (JCPDF#35-0781) (Mir and Pandey, 2018). Moreover, according to previous work, the value (I D /I G =) of Mo 2 C@C is 1.07, implying that more unordered carbon should increase with rich defects in Mo 2 C@C, which promotes the activity (Wang Y. H. et al, 2019). Considering the TEM, XRD, XPS, and SEM results together, we can conclude that the porous Mo 2 C nanoballs were formed in the graphitic carbon.…”