Synthesis of Porous Carbon Fibers from Collagen Fiber

Abstract

Animal, mineral, and/or vegetable: Ordered porous carbon fibers with hierarchical morphology (see electron microscopy images) have been prepared from collagen fiber, an abundant biomass, by treatment with metal ions and vegetable tannin or glutaraldehyde. The pore size of the carbon fibers thus obtained can be controlled by varying the metal ion, the metal‐to‐collagen ratio, as well as the organic reagent.

Extreme biomimetics: Preservation of molecular detail in centimeter-scale samples of biological meshes laid down by sponges

“…It is in line with hypothesis that precursors with well-organized structures lead to the formation of ordered porous carbon. Similar effect was observed by Deng and co-workers ( 38 ). These authors used collagen to prepare well-defined carbon with enhanced surface area and preserved well-defined morphology of natural collagen fiber.…”

“…The use of spongin for the synthesis of carbon-based materials is economically feasible, because it is a natural, renewable, and ready-to-use source that can be cultivated under marine farming conditions at large scale worldwide ( 4 ). Usually, 3D carbon-based materials obtained via direct carbonization of biomass (including raw collagen) are very fragile ( 38 ) and can be used only in the form of powder. In contrast, carbonized spongin is mechanically so robust that it can be prepared in diverse forms according to its intended use.…”

Hybrid metal oxide@biopolymer materials precursors of metal oxides and metal oxide-carbon composites

“…Within all these carbon sources, the most studied ones are lignin, 247),248) silk 249),250) and collagen, 251),252) even if, theoretically, almost all natural biomass can be used as precursors for preparing carbons. Considerable research efforts have been directed towards the use of these biopolymers to prepare: carbon black, 247) activated carbons, 253),254) carbon fibers, 247), 255) porous carbon fibers, 252) microporous carbons via hard templating, 256) + Among these sources, we will focus on lignin as it is the most studied one in this area of research and it is one of the most abundant and inexpensive natural biopolymers. The lignin-derived char production is known and developed from many years.…”

Preparation of nanofibrillar carbon from chitin nanofibers

“…These properties of carbon fiber make it very popular in aerospace, civil engineering, filter medium, wind generator blades, and sporting goods. However, since most biomasses would be destroyed during carbonization, it is difficult to preserve their nanostructures (Deng, Liao, & Shi, 2008;Paris, Zollfrank, & Zickler, 2005;Polarz, Smarsly, & Schattka, 2002;Yoshino, Matsuoka, & Nogami, 1990). For example, Yoshino et al (1990) found that when hydrogels of bacterial cellulose nanofibers were oven-dried, the nanofiber morphology was destroyed after graphitization.…”