Synthesis of porous emulsion‐templated monoliths from a pulp mill by‐product

Forgacz, Claire; Birot, Marc; Deleuze, Hervé

doi:10.1002/app.38981

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The characterization of black liquor was reported in our previous paper . Thermogravimetric analysis of the dry matter revealed that it contained around 40 wt % of inorganics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…We have previously reported the preparation of foams from emulsion‐templated Kraft black liquor by crosslinking with epichlorohydrin (Figure ). However, others approaches may be followed to obtain porous monolithic materials from an aqueous solution of precursor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we described macroporous interconnected monoliths from emulsion‐templated Kraft black liquor . Here, we present for the first time the preparation of macroporous organic materials, directly from industrial black liquor, where porosity is generated without emulsion templating or gas blowing methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of macroporous monolithic materials from a waste renewable source

Forgacz

Birot

Deleuze

2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Interconnected porous monolithic materials can be directly obtained from non‐templating methods by reacting raw Kraft black liquor with epichlorohydrin either in the presence or not of surfactant, whereas extracted lignin leads to non‐porous materials. In the presence of a surfactant, micelles organization takes place and porosity of 40–60% can be achieved. Without surfactant, chemically induced phase separation occurs, giving materials with agglomerated nodules morphology. Carbonization followed by activation with CO2 yield monolithic micro/mesoporous carbons with surface area of 300 m2 g−1. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41215.

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“…The characterization of black liquor was reported in our previous paper . Thermogravimetric analysis of the dry matter revealed that it contained around 40 wt % of inorganics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis of macroporous monolithic materials from a waste renewable source

Forgacz

Birot

Deleuze

2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Blocks of porous polymeric lignin hybrids can be obtained using black liquor directly, using the high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) technique [103]. Again, epichlorhydrin is used as cross-linker in the presence of a surfactant.…”

Section: Microporous and Nanoporous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

11. Lignin biorefinery: structure, pretreatment and use

Lange¹,

Bartzoka²,

Crestini³

2015

Biorefineries

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Lignin is the second most abundant polymer in forest biomass. Compared to the ubiquitous use of cellulose, lignin is currently simply wasted. The reason for this lies in the challenging structural features and the still incomplete understanding of the correlation between structural features and polymer characteristics displayed by various lignins. This chapter will introduce the general characteristics and peculiarities of lignin as a biopolymer, present techniques specifically developed for its isolation, and describe promising ways toward its valorization, highlighting possibilities for using lignin in chemistry and material sciences. 11 Lignin biorefinery: structure, pretreatment and use biorefinery, biotechnology, spectrometry, spectroscopy, etc. The achievements have been summarized in several monographs [1][2][3][4][5]. Nevertheless, fundamental studies on lignin have not yet been concluded. Origin and characteristics of lignin Lignin occurrence and locationLignin, derived from lignum, Latin for wood, was introduced describing a not narrowly classified material early as 1819 by de Candolle, but not until Payen, in 1838, the term lignin was connected closely to a substance. Schulze, in 1865, chemically defined lignin as a polymer that was different from the cellulose components. [5]. Lignin accounts for 15-35% of the dry mass of wood, depending on the type of wood; it is thus the second most abundant natural polymer in forest biomass after cellulose [6]. The rather hydrophobic polymer lignin is present in plant cell walls, where it chemically and physically links the other two major matrix components of the cell walls, cellulose and hemicelluloses [7]: it is located in form of a mixture together with hemicellulose between the cellulose fibrils [1-8]. The tight interplay among these three major plant biopolymers results in an increased impermeability, mechanical strength, and rigidity of the plant cell walls and thus serves to give stability to the plants; it also gives the cells greater resistance to microbial attacks. The different functions of lignin in the plant cause its distribution to vary significantly within the different parts of the plant, i.e., among stem, branching points, branches, and leafs, and among the different walls of the plant cells themselves [9]. The concentration of lignin in the middle lamella and the primary wall is higher than the concentration in the secondary wall. Nonetheless, the majority of the total amount of lignin present in the plant, 75-85%, is located in the secondary wall, due to its considerably larger volume. The amount of lignin present in the plant varies from species to species, ranging from ca. 15% in monocots over ca. 20% in hardwoods to ca. 28% in softwoods and herbaceous angiosperms [2,7]. Lignin structureThe native structure of lignins suggests that it could play a central role as a new chemical feedstock, particularly in the formation of supramolecular materials and aromatic chemicals. It is the only aromatic large-volume renewable feedstock. Lignin, however,...

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“…For that, a series of macroporous monolithic columns with different average pore size from 300 up to 2000 nm was prepared and applied for enzyme immobilization. Despite a lot of existing experimental data on the synthesis of different monolithic materials , the possibility of predictable tuning of monolith pore size was not properly explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilized enzyme reactors based on monoliths: Effect of pore size and enzyme loading on biocatalytic process

et al. 2017

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Macroporous monolithic columns with different mean pore size (from 360 to 2020 nm) and appropriate flow-through properties were synthesized using free radical in situ copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate. In order to predict the composition of porogen mixture to generate the pores in the interested size interval, the Hildebrand theory was used. Ribonuclease A and its specific low- and macromolecular substrates cytidine-2',3'-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt and RNA were applied as model system. The effect of mean pore size of macroporous monoliths used for enzyme immobilization on molecular recognition and biocatalytic characteristics was examined. The monitoring of RNA degradation was performed using anion-exchange HPLC on monolithic CIM DEAE analytical column. The high efficiency of heterogeneous biocatalysts obtained comparatively to the catalytic reaction of RNA degradation in solution was demonstrated. Additionally, the series of six monolithic immobilized enzyme reactors with different amount of biocatalyst was prepared and studied regarding to the biocatalytic properties at recirculation mode at two experimental variants, e.g. (i) fixed range of concentrations of circulated substrate solutions, and (ii) fixed range of substrate/enzyme molar ratios.

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Synthesis of porous emulsion‐templated monoliths from a pulp mill by‐product

Cited by 18 publications

References 48 publications

Synthesis of macroporous monolithic materials from a waste renewable source

Synthesis of macroporous monolithic materials from a waste renewable source

11. Lignin biorefinery: structure, pretreatment and use

Immobilized enzyme reactors based on monoliths: Effect of pore size and enzyme loading on biocatalytic process

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