Synthesis of Porous Platinum Nanoparticles

Teng, Xiaowei; Liang, Xinyi; Maksimuk, Sean; Yang, Hong

doi:10.1002/smll.200500244

Cited by 241 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We also extended the mechanistic understanding of surface diffusion to the synthesis of Pd-Pt bimetallic nanocrystals. Platinum (Pt) is an invaluable material due to its excellent performance as catalysts in a myriad of industrial processes (21)(22)(23)(24)(25). However, Pt is extremely expensive due to its low content in the Earth's crust and the continuous growth of demand in the automobile industry.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the role of surface diffusion in determining the shape or morphology of noble-metal nanocrystals

Xia

Xie

Liu

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

369

457

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Controlling the shape or morphology of metal nanocrystals is central to the realization of their many applications in catalysis, plasmonics, and electronics. In one of the approaches, the metal nanocrystals are grown from seeds of certain crystallinity through the addition of atomic species. In this case, manipulating the rates at which the atomic species are added onto different crystallographic planes of a seed has been actively explored to control the growth pattern of a seed and thereby the shape or morphology taken by the final product. Upon deposition, however, the adsorbed atoms (adatoms) may not stay at the same sites where the depositions occur. Instead, they can migrate to other sites on the seed owing to the involvement of surface diffusion, and this could lead to unexpected deviations from a desired growth pathway. Herein, we demonstrated that the growth pathway of a seed is indeed determined by the ratio between the rates for atom deposition and surface diffusion. Our result suggests that surface diffusion needs to be taken into account when controlling the shape or morphology of metal nanocrystals. seeded growth | shape control | noble metals S urface diffusion is a general process that involves the motion of adsorbed atoms (adatoms), molecules, or atomic clusters on the surface of a solid material (1, 2). Over the past decades, it has emerged as an important concept in many areas of surface science, including catalysis, epitaxial growth, and electromigration of voids (3-7). Here, we demonstrated that surface diffusion also plays a pivotal role in determining the growth pathway of a seed and thus the shape or morphology taken by the final product in a solutionphase synthesis of metal nanocrystals. Fig. 1 schematically illustrates four possible pathways for the growth of a cubic seed. As a model system, we focused on Pd nanocubes with slight truncation at corners and edges, together with six side faces passivated by chemisorbed Br -ions. In the following discussion, we refer to them as "Pd cubic seeds" for simplicity. We chose them as seeds for two major reasons: (i) they had a well-defined shape, together with a set of low-index facets on the surface (8, 9); and (ii) their side faces are blocked by Br -ions to ensure selective deposition of atoms onto the corner sites during seed-mediated growth (10-12). These two distinctive features allowed us to easily track the deposition of atoms and their surface diffusion during a growth process by analyzing the shape or morphology of the final product.The newly formed Pd atoms resulting from the reduction of a Pd precursor are expected to deposit at the corners of a cubic seed because the side faces are blocked by the chemisorbed Br -ions (Fig. 1A, 1). Upon deposition, there will be two different options for these adatoms: staying at the corner sites or migrating to other sites, including edges and side faces, through surface diffusion (Fig. 1A, 2 and 3). It should be pointed out that only surface diffusion was allowed here to move atoms from corners to edg...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the role of surface diffusion in determining the shape or morphology of noble-metal nanocrystals

Xia

Xie

Liu

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

369

457

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…3A). Pores increase the surface area-to-volume ratio of the NSs, since a greater fraction of atoms is located at the surface and leads to increased chemical reactivity of the NSs (36). We decided to test the chemical reactivity of the TeNSs as an antibacterial agent since it was recently shown that chemically synthesized tellurium NSs showed very promising antibacterial properties against E. coli, comparable to or higher than those to silver NSs (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione Reductase-Mediated Synthesis of Tellurium-Containing Nanostructures Exhibiting Antibacterial Properties

Pugin

Cornejo

Muñoz-Díaz

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Tellurium, a metalloid belonging to group 16 of the periodic table, displays very interesting physical and chemical properties and lately has attracted significant attention for its use in nanotechnology. In this context, the use of microorganisms for synthesizing nanostructures emerges as an eco-friendly and exciting approach compared to their chemical synthesis. To generate Tecontaining nanostructures, bacteria enzymatically reduce tellurite to elemental tellurium. In this work, using a classic biochemical approach, we looked for a novel tellurite reductase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain BNF22 and used it to generate tellurium-containing nanostructures. A new tellurite reductase was identified as glutathione reductase, which was subsequently overproduced in Escherichia coli. The characterization of this enzyme showed that it is an NADPH-dependent tellurite reductase, with optimum reducing activity at 30°C and pH 9.0. Finally, the enzyme was able to generate Te-containing nanostructures, about 68 nm in size, which exhibit interesting antibacterial properties against E. coli, with no apparent cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells.

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“…the (111) , (200) , (200) and (311) planes [15]. Although several solution preparation of Pt° nanoparticles have been reported [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] no solid state methods for to prepare Pt° nanoparticles are available. The first way, solution methods, in spite of that to allow the size and morphology control, their incorporation to a solid state device could be not easy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also Nanoporous or mesoporous Platinum has been especially useful in these applications [26]. However, the methods of preparation of porous Pt are scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid State Morphology and Size Tuning of Nanostructured Platinum Using Macromolecular Complexes

Dı́az

Valenzuela

Baez

et al. 2015

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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The macromolecular complexes Chitosan•(PtCl 2 ) n and PSP-co-4-PVP•(PtCl 2 ) n , were prepared from the respective polymer and PtCl 2 in metal:polymer molar ratios 1:1 and 1:5. Pyrolisis of the macromolecular complexes Chitosan•(PtCl 2 ) n and PSP-co-4-PVP•(PtCl 2 ) n at 800 °C under air affords cubic nanostructured Pt in the pure phase. The morphology of the pyrolityc products depends on the molar metal:polymer ratio; i.e. a "cotton" 3D shape for the 1:1 ratio and a "foamy" 3D shape for the 1:5 ratio. On the other hand, the particle size depends on the polymer nature, obtaining Pt nanoparticles as small as 6 nm for the chitosan precursors in both molar ratio.

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Synthesis of Porous Platinum Nanoparticles

Cited by 241 publications

References 30 publications

On the role of surface diffusion in determining the shape or morphology of noble-metal nanocrystals

On the role of surface diffusion in determining the shape or morphology of noble-metal nanocrystals

Glutathione Reductase-Mediated Synthesis of Tellurium-Containing Nanostructures Exhibiting Antibacterial Properties

Solid State Morphology and Size Tuning of Nanostructured Platinum Using Macromolecular Complexes

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