Synthesis of Protoheme via Both, the C₅-and the Shemin-Pathway, in the Pigment Mutant C-2 A′ of Scenedesmus obliquus

Regulation of the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway leading to heme and chlorophyll in plants and cyanobacteria

“…ALS has not been identified in plants. Nonetheless, in Euglena gracilis (Mayer and Beale 1992) and probably Scenedesmus (Drechsler‐Thielmann et al. 1993) aminolevulinic acid can be synthesized via both the Shemin and the C 5 pathways.…”

Recent Progress in Porphyrin and Chlorophyll Biosynthesis

“…In E. gracilis (and presumably in the Scenedesmus mutant), the mitochondrial ALA synthase is involved in light or dark biosynthesis of mitochondrial cytochromes while the plastidic Chls and hemes are formed in the chloroplast from glutamate by the light-dependent Cs pathway (28). In the Scenedesmus mutant both pathways could contribute to heme formation (29). A recent report demonstrates the coexistence of the Cs and ALA-synthase pathways also in a prokaryote, A. globqormis: the Cs and ALA-synthase pathways were demonstrated during exponential and stationary phases of growth, respectively (40).…”

“…It operates in all mammalian cells including man and in many other eukaryotic cells such as chicken erythrocytes (24), chicken liver (25). rat liver (26), in at least two algae (27)(28)(29) and also in yeast cells (30.3 1). Anaerobiosis induced much ALA-synthase activity in the cytosol of anaerobic yeast cells that lack both mitochondria and detectable heme (30).…”

“…In aerobic yeast, the enzyme is located in the mitochondrion (3 1). 5-Aminolevulinate synthase has been detected in two green algae, Euglena gracilis (27) and in Scenedesmus obliquus mutant C-2A' (29).…”

Characterization of a newly isolated Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus PS-5 with self-flocculation property and optimization pathway for 5-aminolevulinic acid production

“…Glutamate is the precursor of 5-aminolevulinic acid biosynthesis in higher plants and most green algae via the light-dependent C 5 pathway in the plastid, called Beale pathway (Reinbothe and Reinbothe, 1996). Phytoflagellate Euglena gracillis (Weinstein and Beale, 1983) and the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus (Dreschler-Theilmann et al, 1993) have both ALAforming pathways. Effect of glutamate on growth (pH change) and 5-aminolevulinic acid production from Sattayasamitsathit and Prasertsan 2077 Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus PS-5 was investigated.…”