Synthesis of Pyrazoline Derivatives and Their Pharmacological Activities: A Review of the Last Decade

Abstract

Pyrazolines are nitrogen–containing heterocyclic compounds that find widespread use as herbicides and are active pharmaceuticals in the agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Pyrazolines possess a five–membered ring with two nitrogen atoms and one endocyclic double bond. They are synthesized by conventional methods. However, Claisen–Schmidt condensation, a reaction of α, β‐unsaturated carbonyl (chalcones) compounds with hydrazine in the presence of acetic acid under refluxing conditions, is a popular conventional method. They have antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, antifungal, antipyretic, anticancer, antidepressant, and analgesic properties. The present study summarizes the chemistry of various chalcone–based pyrazolines and their pharmacological activities with the available data till 2023.