Synthesis of pyridine bases from aldehydes and ammonia (review)

Farberov, M. I.; Antonova, V. V.; Ustavshchikov, B. F.; Titova, N. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00764521

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Farberov et al [26] reviewed the mechanism of formation of pyridine bases from aldehydes and ammonia catalyzed by aluminium oxide or aluminium silicate or a ZnO-alumina based bifunctional catalyst. It was based on the formation of a carbonium ion on the catalyst and initial formation of aldimines.…”

Section: First Phase Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fairly rapid catalyst deactivation phenomenon due to coke formation prompted several researchers to examine the role of catalyst structure and its Physico chemical characteristics and their interaction with process parameters in specially designed time on stream studies. The details are given in references [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] in Table 1.…”

Section: Second Phase and Recent Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Vapor Phase Pyridine Synthesis: A Process Review

2011

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The present work is an attempt to compile and analyze the literature pertaining to catalytic vapor phase pyridine synthesis. In the beginning pyridine deriving from coal tar and subsequent years it was developed as catalytic vapor phase synthesis using acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and ammonia provides best prospect for the growing demand. HZSM-5 is the best catalyst present in market to for catalytic pyridine bases; it has unique structural and acidity properties over other catalysts. It is probable that the reactants are adsorbed at catalytic sites, formation of imines precedes cyclisation and desorption from catalytic pores. In this review detail summary of the inventions in chronological order and with their postulates is narrated.

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Section: First Phase Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Second Phase and Recent Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Vapor Phase Pyridine Synthesis: A Process Review

2011

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“…For example, 2-methyl-5-ethylpyridine is produced from paraldehyde and NH 3 , and MeCO 2 -NH 4 + , CoCl 2 , NH 4 F or a mixture of NH 4 F and KF are used as a catalyst. 98,99 The method may be realized under strict conditions (250-500 °C, 80-100 atm.) with low selectivity and in 60% yield.…”

Section: Pyridine Synthesis By Liquid-phase Condensation Of Aldehydesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reaction became complicated in the transition from formaldehyde and acetaldehyde to the highest aliphatic aldehydes. 98 The synthesis of arylalkyl-substituted pyridines from alkyl(aryl)aldehydes under mild conditions was carried out in the presence of homogeneous Co-containing catalysts. Thus, a liquid-phase condensation of benzaldehyde with alkylaldehydes and urea in the presence of twocomponent catalyst Co(2-ethylhexanoate) 2 -AlR 3 at 200 °C for 4 h leads to a mixture of 2,3,5-trisubstituted pyridines in total 80-95% yield.…”

Section: Pyridine Synthesis By Liquid-phase Condensation Of Aldehydesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal complex catalysis in a synthesis of pyridine bases

Джемилев¹,

Selimov²,

Толстиков³

2002

Arkivoc

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The review systematizes for the first time literature data of the last 15 years on a synthesis of pyridine bases including those of natural structure with the use of metal complex catalysts. The catalyzed by complexes of transition metals (Co, Ni, Pd, Zr) and rare-earth elements reactions of heterocyclization of acetylenes with nitriles, liquid phase condensation of aldehydes with amines, linear and cyclic oligomerization of vinylpyridines with 1,3-dienes and condensation of carbonic acid chloroanhydrides with olefins, acetylenes, tertiary alcohols to give substituted pyridines, quinolines and phenanthrolines of a set structure are considered. The mechanisms of molecule generation of pyridine bases in the presence of metal complex catalysts are discussed, and data on an effect of transition metal nature, initial monomer structure and reaction conditions on a reaction direction of a formation of six-membered nitrogen heterocycles are listed.

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“…Diverse bioactive natural products and pharmaceutically important, aromatic N-heterocyclic molecules are classically synthesized by the coupling of ammonia with various carbonyl derivatives. 8 Although extensively used, most of these protocols suffer from various shortcomings, such as availability of starting materials, multistep synthetic operations, and copious waste generation. Thus, alternative strategies involving sustainable, one-step, atom-economical methodologies for the preparation of valuable N-heteroaromatic molecules are needed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling Using Ammonia: Direct Synthesis of N-Heteroaromatics from Diols Catalyzed by Ruthenium

2018

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The synthesis of N-heteroaromatic compounds via an acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling process involving direct use of ammonia as the nitrogen source was explored. We report the synthesis of pyrazine derivatives from 1,2-diols and the synthesis of N-substituted pyrroles by a multicomponent dehydrogenative coupling of 1,4-diols and primary alcohols with ammonia. The acridine-based Ru-pincer complex 1 is an effective catalyst for these transformations, in which the acridine backbone is converted to an anionic dearomatized PNP-pincer ligand framework.

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Synthesis of pyridine bases from aldehydes and ammonia (review)

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Catalytic Vapor Phase Pyridine Synthesis: A Process Review

Catalytic Vapor Phase Pyridine Synthesis: A Process Review

Metal complex catalysis in a synthesis of pyridine bases

Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling Using Ammonia: Direct Synthesis of N-Heteroaromatics from Diols Catalyzed by Ruthenium

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