Synthesis of pyrite thin films and transition metal doped pyrite thin films by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition

Khalid, Sadia; Ahmed, Ejaz; Malik, M. A.; Lewis, David J.; Bakar, Shahzad Abu; Khan, Yaqoob; O’Brien, Paul

doi:10.1039/c4nj01461h

Cited by 50 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…33,34 As mentioned above, a number of dithiocarbamate precursors have been used for the deposition of metal chalcogenide thin films via MOCVD. 33,34 As mentioned above, a number of dithiocarbamate precursors have been used for the deposition of metal chalcogenide thin films via MOCVD.…”

Section: Groups 12 and 16 (Ii-vi) Thin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution based CVD of main group materials

2016

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This critical review focuses on the solution based chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of main group materials with particular emphasis on their current and potential applications. Deposition of thin films of main group materials, such as metal oxides, sulfides and arsenides, have been researched owing to the array of applications which utilise them including solar cells, transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) and window coatings. Solution based CVD processes, such as aerosol-assisted (AA)CVD have been developed due to their scalability and to overcome the requirement of suitably volatile precursors as the technique relies on the solubility rather than volatility of precursors which vastly extends the range of potentially applicable compounds. An introduction into the applications and precursor requirements of main group materials will be presented first followed by a detailed discussion of their deposition reviewed according to this application. The challenges and prospects for further enabling research in terms of emerging main group materials will be discussed.

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Section: Groups 12 and 16 (Ii-vi) Thin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution based CVD of main group materials

2016

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“…O'Brien and co‐workers recently studied the properties of transition metal doped iron pyrite thin films (M x Fe 1‐ x S 2 where M=Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn) deposited by aerosol‐assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) on various substrates including glass, (100) silicon and indium tin oxide (ITO). The influence of transition metal doping on the structure (Figure ) and phase transformation was significant in copper doped pyrite thin films …”

Section: Doped Pyrite For Photovoltaicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… p‐XRD patterns of cobalt doped iron sulfide Co x Fe 1‐ x S 2 thin films deposited from complexes (1) and (2) at 350 °C on glass substrate synthesised by AACVD with different starting ratio of cobalt complex ( 2 ) . Reproduced with permission from ref.…”

Section: Doped Pyrite For Photovoltaicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The height‐profiling of M x Fe 1‐ x S 2 films with atomic force microscopy (AFM) displayed average crystallite heights in the ranges 200–400 nm, 33–182 nm, 130–100 nm and 120–140 nm with uniform distribution of particles . Optical studies revealed the increase in the bandgap of M x Fe 1‐ x S 2 thin films by increasing the transition metal content.…”

Section: Doped Pyrite For Photovoltaicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2018

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Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) are of special interest in energy conversion and storage devices. Amongst all sulfides, fool's gold or iron pyrite (FeS 2 ) is potentially an attractive candidate for photovoltaic applications. Iron pyrite has risen to prominence due to its distinct properties and abundance in nature to meet the large scale needs. It is considered as environmentally benign solar absorber material with high absorption coefficient, α > 6 x10 5 cm À 1 for λ � 700 nm and suitable energy bandgap (E g = 0.95 eV). Numerous physical and chemical methods have been employed to deposit nanocrystalline pyrite thin films directly from source materials or indirectly by sulfuration. This review gives an overview of pyrite as a low cost photovoltaic absorber material for contemporary solar cell structures. In addition, practical approaches like the rational design of nanocomposites, band gap engineering and nanostructure synthesis of pyrite for improving its properties particularly photovoltaic properties are also deliberated. Moreover, limitations, challenges, remedies and prospects of pyrite as potential photovoltaic material are also reviewed to further advance the development of pyrite-based solar cell configurations.[a] Dr.at a low precursor concentration, pyrite nanocubes (125-250 nm in 20-180 min) were obtained due to low nuclei concentration and slow growth (diffusion limited) in quasiequilibrium. The anisotropic structures nanodendrites were 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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“…[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Recently we reported the aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) of a range of materials pertinent to photovoltaic applications, including the organic lead halide perovskite methylammonium lead(II) bromide 28 copper sulphide, copper indium sulphide, 14 and tin sulphide, 29,30 iron selenide 31 and, significantly, transition metal doped iron sulphide. 32 In this paper we report on structural and surface properties of transition metal (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) doped pyrite (M x Fe 1Àx S 2 ) thin films as well as fully evaluating the effect of doping on the optical band gap energy. 5were prepared and used to deposit M x Fe 1Àx S 2 (where M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) thin films by AACVD as described previously 32 onto glass, Si(100) and ITO-coated glass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition metal doped pyrite (FeS₂) thin films: structural properties and evaluation of optical band gap energies

et al. 2015

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Synthesis of pyrite thin films and transition metal doped pyrite thin films by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition

Abstract: Pyrite(FeS2) and transition metal doped pyrite, MxFe1−xS2 (where M = Co, Ni, Cu and Zn), have been deposited on various substrates using aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD).

Cited by 50 publications

References 61 publications

Solution based CVD of main group materials

Solution based CVD of main group materials

Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

Transition metal doped pyrite (FeS₂) thin films: structural properties and evaluation of optical band gap energies

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Synthesis of pyrite thin films and transition metal doped pyrite thin films by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition

Abstract: Pyrite(FeS2) and transition metal doped pyrite, MxFe1−xS2 (where M = Co, Ni, Cu and Zn), have been deposited on various substrates using aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD).

Cited by 50 publications

References 61 publications

Solution based CVD of main group materials

Solution based CVD of main group materials

Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications

Transition metal doped pyrite (FeS2) thin films: structural properties and evaluation of optical band gap energies

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Transition metal doped pyrite (FeS₂) thin films: structural properties and evaluation of optical band gap energies