Synthesis of quaternised guar gum using Taguchi L(16) orthogonal array

Tyagi, Rakhi; Sharma, Pradeep; Nautiyal, Raman; Lakhera, Ajeet Kumar; Kumar, Vineet

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116136

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the present study, the epichlorohydrin precursor of GLYTAC was synthesized using epichlorohydrin and trimethylamine [Figure 1A].GLYTAC reacts with guar gum under alkaline conditions to produce quaternized product [Figure 1B].The side reactions during the preparation of the quaternized derivative significantly affect the DS [31] [Figure 1C].Therefore, appropriate reaction parameters and methods must be selected to synthesize the highly substituted derivatives to minimize side reaction products during the reaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results are in agreement with previously reported quaternization reactions which proceed more efficiently at a lower temperature . [31,42]…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 1 H-NMR spectrum of quaternized guar gum indicated the presence of an additional signal at δ 3.06 ppm (as a sharp singlet) corresponding to the methyl protons of quaternary ammonium [À N + (CH 3 ) 3 ] groups, thereby confirming the incorporation of quaternizing moiety as trimethyl ammonium group in the galactomannan chain. [31,43,44] The 13 C-NMR spectrum of native and quaternized guar gum samples are displayed in Figures S3 and S4 respectively of SI. The prominent peak observed at 54.62 ppm was assigned to quaternary ammonium methyl carbons [À N + (CH 3 ) 3 ].…”

Section: Nmr Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient Synthesis of Quaternised Guar Gum using Tri‐alkylamine and Epichlorohydrin Condensate by Taguchi L9 Orthogonal Array

2022

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Glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GLYTAC) is an efficient quaternizing reagent, easy to synthesize, and causes lesser degradation to the polymer backbone than other reagents. Quaternization of guar gum was carried out using condensate of trimethylamine and epichlorohydrin as etherifying reagents adopting Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array design of experiment to optimize the reaction conditions to attain a higher degree of substitution (DS). The set of optimized levels of selected control factors are as follows; 2.5 mL and 1.2 g of condensate and sodium hydroxide respectively at 30 °C and time 6 h. The DS of the quaternized derivative prepared under optimized reaction conditions was determined as 0.046. The appearance of an additional signal at 3.06 ppm and 54.62 in 1 H and 13 C and the corresponding cross signal inHSQC ( 1 HÀ 13 C) confirmed the synthesis of quaternized guar gum. The study demonstrated that Taguchi L 9 orthogonal array is a reliable statistical approach for efficient and green synthesis of quaternized derivatives.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results are in agreement with previously reported quaternization reactions which proceed more efficiently at a lower temperature . [31,42]…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nmr Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient Synthesis of Quaternised Guar Gum using Tri‐alkylamine and Epichlorohydrin Condensate by Taguchi L9 Orthogonal Array

2022

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“…Reviews and chemical methods have been reported in the past to increase the functional behaviour of hydroxyl groups present in the polysaccharides. These methods have their own limitations for particular industrial aspects and are used for diverse industrial applications [83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94]. Mercerization, benzoylation, acrylation, acrylonitrile grafting, permanganate treatment, peroxide treatment, and isocyanate treatment, bleaching, acetylation, silane and peroxide treatments, etherifications viz.…”

Section: Chemical Modification Of Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunity of Non-Wood Forest Products in Biocomposites

Sharma¹

2022

Biocomposites

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In recent years industries are attempting to decrease their dependency on petroleum-based fuels and products due to increased environmental issues. The tremendous increase in production and use of plastics in every sector of life has led to huge plastic waste disposal problems and also an environmental threat. In order to prevail over the present scenario, the viable and cost-effective approaches are to prepare eco-friendly bio-composites based on non-wood forest products (NWFP), a part of forest wealth of the globe, especially natural fibres, agricultural wastes and extractives. Natural fibres and extractives have many advantages viz. low density, low cost, considerable toughness properties, nontoxicity, sustainability and biodegradability. NWFP based composites may be utilized to produce non-structural parts for diverse applications in various industries as high-performance materials with interesting properties for specific applications viz. furniture, thermal, acoustic insulations and automotive industries etc. In the present chapter, opportunities of extractives, cellulosic and lignocellulosic fibres from non-wood forest products in Bio-composites will be discussed.

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“…This data expansion is possible because the effects of individual variables can be separated in an experiment designed by an orthogonal array table. Because of this characteristic, experiments using an orthogonal sequence table are widely used in the industry [41][42][43]. Figure 1 shows the flow of analysis using extended data using an orthogonal array table.…”

Section: Data Expansion By Means Of An Orthogonal Array Experiments Dementioning

confidence: 99%

The Experimental Process Design of Artificial Lightweight Aggregates Using an Orthogonal Array Table and Analysis by Machine Learning

Wie

Lee

et al. 2020

Materials

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The purpose of this study is to experimentally design the drying, calcination, and sintering processes of artificial lightweight aggregates through the orthogonal array, to expand the data using the results, and to model the manufacturing process of lightweight aggregates through machine-learning techniques. The experimental design of the process consisted of L18(3661), which means that 36 × 61 data can be obtained in 18 experiments using an orthogonal array design. After the experiment, the data were expanded to 486 instances and trained by several machine-learning techniques such as linear regression, random forest, and support vector regression (SVR). We evaluated the predictive performance of machine-learning models by comparing predicted and actual values. As a result, the SVR showed the best performance for predicting measured values. This model also worked well for predictions of untested cases.

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Synthesis of quaternised guar gum using Taguchi L(16) orthogonal array

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Efficient Synthesis of Quaternised Guar Gum using Tri‐alkylamine and Epichlorohydrin Condensate by Taguchi L9 Orthogonal Array

Efficient Synthesis of Quaternised Guar Gum using Tri‐alkylamine and Epichlorohydrin Condensate by Taguchi L9 Orthogonal Array

Opportunity of Non-Wood Forest Products in Biocomposites

The Experimental Process Design of Artificial Lightweight Aggregates Using an Orthogonal Array Table and Analysis by Machine Learning

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