Synthesis of Radiation Curable Palm Oil–Based Epoxy Acrylate: NMR and FTIR Spectroscopic Investigations

Abstract

Over the past few decades, there has been an increasing demand for bio-based polymers and resins in industrial applications, due to their potential lower cost and environmental impact compared with petroleum-based counterparts. The present research concerns the synthesis of epoxidized palm oil acrylate (EPOLA) from an epoxidized palm oil product (EPOP) as environmentally friendly material. EPOP was acrylated by acrylic acid via a ring opening reaction. The kinetics of the acrylation reaction were monitored throughout the reaction course and the acid value of the reaction mixture reached 10 mg KOH/g after 16 h, indicating the consumption of the acrylic acid. The obtained epoxy acrylate was investigated intensively by means of FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and the OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2015, 20 14192 results revealed that the ring opening reaction was completed successfully with an acrylation yield about 82%. The UV free radical polymerization of EPOLA was carried out using two types of photoinitiators. The radiation curing behavior was determined by following the conversion of the acrylate groups. The cross-linking density and the hardness of the cured EPOLA films were measured to evaluate the effect of the photoinitiator on the solid film characteristics, besides, the thermal and mechanical properties were also evaluated.

Influence of Darocur 1173 photoinitiator on the photocrosslinking and properties of UV‐cured coatings based on an epoxidiacrylate oligomer and hexanediol diacrylate monomer

“…At present, the radiation-curable technology and coatings are widely used in different industry branches and life due to its distinct advantages: high productivity and performance of the cured coatings, low energy consumption and low content of volatile organic compounds …. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] It is well known that most of UV-curable systems consist of multi-acrylate oligomers, monomers and radical type photoinitiators. Their UV-crosslinking and performance of UV-cured coatings are much influenced by chemical nature and content of the constituents in the UV-curable formulation.…”

“…However, this was not always realized and one have no chance to find the facts for the photoinitiator contents used in every report. [8,9] Besides, there is still a lack of the data concerning the quantitative relationship between kinetics of photocrosslinking reactions and properties of the cured coatings in general and for the systems containing D.1173 in particular. To contribute in solving the questions, this work focused on studying the influence of Darocur 1173 photoinitiator on the photocrosslinking and properties of UV-cured coatings based on an epoxidiacrylate oligomer and HDDA monomer to find the optimal content of the photoinitiator for practical application of the investigated systems.…”

Soil burial biodegradation studies of palm oil-based UV-curable films

“…In Malaysia, many research and development (R&D) companies and local research institutes include Malaysia Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia) showing a growing interest in the development of bio-based radiation curing (radcure) products such as coatings, adhesives and inks to supports the ultraviolet/electron beam (UV/EB) line industries [1][2][3][4][5]. Nowadays, these industries still heavily dependent on the petrochemical-based raw chemicals imports, which are non-environment friendly materials.…”

“…radcure products [2][3][4][5]. In 2014, Salih et al developed palm oil-basedpolyurethane acrylate (POBUA)/clay nanocomposites using epoxidized palm oil acrylate (EPOLA) and 4,4' methylene diphenyl diisocyante (MDI) for development of nanocomposite film using electron beam (EB) radiation.…”

“…D-1173 and Irg-184 for development of radcure products using ultraviolet (UV) radiation. They found that the EPOLA has a great potential to be applied in radiation curable systems [3]. Meanwhile, synthesized new radiation curable resin from oleic acid of palm oil which is known as hyperbranched curable polyurethane acrylate (HBPUA) for used in UV or EB curing technology.…”