Synthesis of Rare Earth Compounds from Phosphor Coating of Spent Fluorescent Lamps

Anand, Amit; Singh, Randhir

doi:10.1080/15422119.2020.1754240

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Typically, both Eu 3+ and Tb 3+ are present in lanthanide-based phosphors, with an average ratio Eu 3+ :Tb 3+ being 2.7 (median 1.3) after the leaching process. , The presence of both Eu3+ and Tb3+ in the analyte solution provided a challenge for their selective detection. Depending on the stoichiometric ratio, one masks the other.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Spectrometer-Free Luminescence-Based Detection of Tb³⁺ and Eu³⁺ in Aqueous Solution for Recovery and Urban Mining

Sedykh

Pflug

Schäfer

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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A novel and robust procedure was developed for the rapid qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of trivalent terbium and europium in aqueous solution without significant process costs. The detection does not require a spectrophotometer, as the evaluation is done "on the fly" with the bare eye based on an optical signal. Sensitive detection is even possible in acidic solution and the presence of heavy metal ions. Therefore, the method presented can be used for an urban mining approach for the evaluation of an Eu 3+ and/or Tb 3+ content in real systems, such as wastewater or leaching solutions. The detection procedure consists of an optical read-out of the luminescence signal simultaneous to separation of various chemical species. Detection is triggered by a sensitization of the emission of the trivalent lanthanide ions during a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) process. 4′-Phenylterperydine is present in an eluent and used as an ultra-fast complexation agent functioning as highly effective photoluminescence sensitizer. The detection is done for concentrations suitable for the lanthanide recovery with the detection limit being 0.01 mM (typical lanthanide recovery limit is 0.3 mM). The novel process therefore can be used for an evaluation of suitability and profitability of their extraction from a respective solution even in the presence of various other metal ions and anions. The method developed also has potential for the detection of other luminescent rare-earth ions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Spectrometer-Free Luminescence-Based Detection of Tb³⁺ and Eu³⁺ in Aqueous Solution for Recovery and Urban Mining

Sedykh

Pflug

Schäfer

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Most studies on obtaining REEs from SFLs focus on Y and Eu from red phosphor (YOX) oxides, , and involve leaching the elements with concentrated acid followed by multiple precipitation/solvent extraction stages to concentrate and separate the REEs. − Mechanical activation (ball milling) of SFLs can also be applied to facilitate the extraction of REEs from complex phosphor phases . Nevertheless, these methods have disadvantages in terms of high acid input, high energy input and/or expensive solvents, and are becoming increasingly unattractive given the generation of toxic waste. , To minimize these setbacks, alternative methods using greener solvents or lower solvent concentrations have been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 The Y content in SFLs varies between 30 and 35%, which is much higher than that in natural deposits (monazite ≈5%, bastnaesite less than 1%, clays less than 1%). 10 Nevertheless, the recycling and recovery rates of REEs from SFLs and other e-waste are still low, partly because the REEs recovery processes are not yet economical and environmentally friendly. 11 Most studies on obtaining REEs from SFLs focus on Y and Eu from red phosphor (YOX) oxides, 10,12 and involve leaching the elements with concentrated acid followed by multiple precipitation/solvent extraction stages to concentrate and separate the REEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Spent Fluorescent Lamps by Living Ulva sp

Viana,

Colónia,

Tavares

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Resour. Manage.

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Given the significant industrial applications of rare earth elements (REEs), supply chain constraints, and negative environmental impacts associated with their extraction, finding alternative sources has become a critical challenge. Previously, we highlighted the potential of living Ulva sp. in the removal and preconcentration of Y from a solution obtained by sequential acid leaching of spent fluorescent lamps (SFLs). Here, we extended that study to other REEs extracted from SFLs and evaluated the effect of pH (4.5−9.0), light exposure (absence, natural and supplemented with artificial light), and Hg (presence and absence). The results showed small differences in the removal of Y (23−30%) and other REEs at the different pH values, opening the scope of the methodology. However, Ulva sp. relative growth rate (RGR) was negatively affected in the higher acidity condition, without any visible signs of decay. In the absence of light, the RGR also decreased, which was accompanied by a halving of the removal efficiency compared to that with artificial light supplementation (40% for Y). Although Hg had minimal influence on the removal and concentration of REEs by Ulva sp., its presence in the enriched biomass is undesirable. Therefore, this contaminant was selectively removed from the solution using Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 /SiDTC nanoparticles before contact with the macroalgae (70% removal in 30 min; 99% in 72 h). In addition to easy solubilization, macroalgae enriched with REEs have a simpler composition compared to SFLs. Calcination of the biomass allowed the REEs to be further concentrated, with concentrations (130 mg/g for Y) up to 240 times higher than in typical apatite ore. This highlights enriched biomass as a sustainable alternative to traditional mining for obtaining these critical raw materials.

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“…A CFL consists of a copper (Cu) electrode, an aluminium (Al) cap, a tungsten (W) sub-electrode sealed in lead glass, a glass tube, fluorescent coating material, Hg, small amounts of argon (Ar) or krypton (Kr) and conductive Cu material (Lee et al 2015 ). The fluorescent powder is basically composed of phosphorous compounds, most commonly derived from the following phosphates: Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (F 0.9 Cl 0.1 ), Sr 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (F 0.9 Cl 0.1 ), Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (F, Cl): Sb 3+ , Mn 2+ and (Ca, Sr) 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (F, Cl) 2 : Sb 3+ , Mn 2+ (Anand and Singh 2021 ). A wide variety of phosphorous compounds are used depending on the colour of light required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the patented fluorescent lamp CN101307231A contains BaSiO 5 Pb (10–15%), 3Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Ca(F.Cl) 2 Sb (55–65%), MgO.MgF 2 CeO 28 Mn (5–10%) and (Zn.Sr) 3 (PO 4 )2Sn (20–25%) (Guosong 2008 ). In addition, rare earth elements (REEs), such as yttrium (Y), cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), terbium (Tb) and europium (Eu), are commonly used (Anand and Singh 2021 ). Therefore, the recycling of this complex fluorescent light waste, containing large amounts of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and REEs, can be economically viable but difficult to carry out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility study of fluorescent lamp waste recycling by thermal desorption

Esbrí

Rivera

Tejero

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The proposed Minamata Convention ban on the use of fluorescent lamps at the end of 2020, with a consequent reduction in mercury (Hg) light products, is expected to produce large amounts of discarded fluorescent bulbs. In this context, the most effective recycling options are a thermal mercury recovery system and/or aqueous solution leaching (lixiviation) to recover rare earth elements (REEs). Due to the heterogeneous nature of these wastes, a complete characterization of Hg compounds in addition to a determination of their desorption temperatures is required for their recycling. The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of a fast cost-effective thermal characterization to ameliorate recycling treatments. A pyrolysis heating system with a heat ramping capability combined with atomic absorption spectrometry makes it possible to obtain residue data with regard to the temperature ranges needed to achieve total Hg desorption. The major drawback of these heat treatments has been the amount of Hg absorbed from the residue by the glass matrices, ranging from 23.4 to 39.1% in the samples studied. Meanwhile, it has been estimated that 70% of Hg is recovered at a temperature of 437 °C.

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Synthesis of Rare Earth Compounds from Phosphor Coating of Spent Fluorescent Lamps

Cited by 8 publications

References 56 publications

Rapid Spectrometer-Free Luminescence-Based Detection of Tb³⁺ and Eu³⁺ in Aqueous Solution for Recovery and Urban Mining

Rapid Spectrometer-Free Luminescence-Based Detection of Tb³⁺ and Eu³⁺ in Aqueous Solution for Recovery and Urban Mining

Optimizing the Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Spent Fluorescent Lamps by Living Ulva sp

Feasibility study of fluorescent lamp waste recycling by thermal desorption

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Synthesis of Rare Earth Compounds from Phosphor Coating of Spent Fluorescent Lamps

Cited by 8 publications

References 56 publications

Rapid Spectrometer-Free Luminescence-Based Detection of Tb3+ and Eu3+ in Aqueous Solution for Recovery and Urban Mining

Rapid Spectrometer-Free Luminescence-Based Detection of Tb3+ and Eu3+ in Aqueous Solution for Recovery and Urban Mining

Optimizing the Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Spent Fluorescent Lamps by Living Ulva sp

Feasibility study of fluorescent lamp waste recycling by thermal desorption

Contact Info

Product

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Rapid Spectrometer-Free Luminescence-Based Detection of Tb³⁺ and Eu³⁺ in Aqueous Solution for Recovery and Urban Mining

Rapid Spectrometer-Free Luminescence-Based Detection of Tb³⁺ and Eu³⁺ in Aqueous Solution for Recovery and Urban Mining