Synthesis of Regular Ladder-Type Fluorenylidene-Xanthene Oligomers via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction

Abstract

Fluorenylidene-xanthene and related polycyclic systems are typical examples of bistricyclic aromatic enes (BAEs); however, polycyclic systems of fluorenylidene-xanthene are relatively scarce. Here we synthesized a series of novel ladder-type polycyclic systems containing fluorenylidene-xanthene units, differing from the classic Barton's two-fold extrusion reaction. In the new synthetic scheme, the very popular Suzuki reaction was first used to couple the corresponding precursors, then a catalyst-free nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between Ar−F and Ar−OH groups in the backbone afforded ladder-type O-heteroarenes. Moreover, the new synthetic strategy is also suitable for the synthesis of other heterocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Some of these products showed reversible mechanochromism properties.