Synthesis of RuO2 nanomaterials under dielectric barrier discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure – Influence of substrates on the morphology and application

Ananth, Antony; Mok, Young Sun

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2013.11.036

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Figure shows the XRD patterns of Ru 8.0 /TiO 2 NBs‐ T ( T refers to the different annealing temperatures: 200, 400, 600, and 800 °C). After annealing, the signature peak of rutile RuO 2 appeared at 27.98° (XRD pattern of rutile RuO 2 is shown in Figure S5, Supporting Information) and the peak intensity increased with increasing annealing temperature . The existence of crystalline RuO 2 could also be verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations (Figure S8, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Constructing Ru/TiO₂ Heteronanostructures Toward Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting via a RuO₂/TiO₂ Heterojunction and Ru/TiO₂ Schottky Junction

Gao

et al. 2015

Adv Materials Inter

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harvesting and the quantum effi ciency for solar-driven water splitting, which is still the core mission for the scientifi c community on photocatalysis. The water splitting reaction into hydrogen and oxygen (2H 2 O → 2H 2 + O 2 , with change in Gibbs free energy Δr G 298 = +237.2 kJ mol −1) is composed of two half-reactions, namely, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) via water oxidation (2H 2 O → O 2 + 4H + + 4e − , E 0 = +1.23 V vs. NHE) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) via proton reduction (2H + + 2e − → H 2 , E 0 = 0 V vs. NHE). [ 2,9 ] The separation and transport of the photoexcited electrons and holes as well as the surface redox reactions on the photocatalysts are the key issues for photocatalytic water splitting into H 2 and O 2 .To address these issues, researchers have found that the loading of co-catalysts is an effective way to improve the overall reaction effi ciency. [9][10][11][12] These co-catalysts can create heterojunctions with the host photocatalyst to enhance charge separation, and meanwhile, serve as the active sites for the redox reactions (HER or OER) on the photocatalyst surface. Nevertheless, a single co-catalyst loading may only cause the unilateral migration of the charge carrier, either electrons or holes, which restricts the enhancement effect on the overall photocatalytic activity. Therefore, it is of great importance to achieve a dual co-catalyst loading with synergistic effects for simultaneously improving the HER and OER in order to attain a high effi ciency for the overall photocatalytic water splitting.Generally, noble metals, such as Pt, Au, and Pd, have been widely used as effective HER co-catalysts because of their the low overpotential. [ 10,13,14 ] The Schottky junctions formed at the metal-semiconductor interfaces can greatly promote the migration of photogenerated electrons from the semiconductor to the metal, which improves the charge separation and enhances hydrogen production via proton reduction on the metal surfaces. Recently, metallic Ru nanoparticles have received much attention as stable catalysts for effi cient hydrogen generation in a photocatalytic system thanks to their reduced cost. [ 15,16 ] As ruthenium oxide (RuO 2 ) is an effective OER catalyst that can accept photogenerated holes from excited photocatalysts, [ 12,[17][18][19][20][21] These two processes are involved in the overall water splitting. This work provides an important reference for designing highly effi cient photocatalysts for water splitting through loading of dual co-catalysts containing the same element but with different valence structures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Constructing Ru/TiO₂ Heteronanostructures Toward Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting via a RuO₂/TiO₂ Heterojunction and Ru/TiO₂ Schottky Junction

Gao

et al. 2015

Adv Materials Inter

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“…Liu et al reported glow-discharge plasma reduction using ionic liquids (ILs) [18][19][20] or aqueous solutions containing metal ions [21,22] to produce NPs (i-1). Dielectric barrier discharge was also applied in the setup shown in Figure 1(i-1) [23,24]. Figure 1(i-2) shows dielectric barrier discharges generated inside the quartz cylindrical chamber that is filled with fuel gas and liquid water [25].…”

Section: Gas Discharge Between An Electrode and The Electrolyte Surfamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1: Gas discharge between an electrode and the electrolyte surface (Group i). (i-1) Influence of glow discharge plasma and dielectric barrier discharge [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. (i-2) Dielectric barrier discharge in quartz tube [25].…”

Section: Gas Discharge Between An Electrode and The Electrolyte Surfamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterial Synthesis Using Plasma Generation in Liquid

Saito

Akiyama

2015

Journal of Nanomaterials

166

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Over the past few decades, the research field of nanomaterials (NMs) has developed rapidly because of the unique electrical, optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties of these materials. Among the various methods available today for NM synthesis, techniques for plasma generation in liquid are relatively new. Various types of plasma such as arc discharge and glow discharge can be applied to produce metal, alloy, oxide, inorganic, carbonaceous, and composite NMs. Many experimental setups have been reported, in which various parameters such as the liquid, electrode material, electrode configuration, and electric power source are varied. By examining the various electrode configurations and power sources available in the literature, this review classifies all available plasma in liquid setups into four main groups: (i) gas discharge between an electrode and the electrolyte surface, (ii) direct discharge between two electrodes, (iii) contact discharge between an electrode and the surface of surrounding electrolyte, and (iv) radio frequency and microwave plasma in liquid. After discussion of the techniques, NMs of metal, alloy, oxide, silicon, carbon, and composite produced by techniques for plasma generation in liquid are presented, where the source materials, reaction media, and electrode configurations are discussed in detail.

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“…For example, Lee et al [ 6 ] have documented that Ag 2 O/RuO 2 composite exhibits higher capacitance as compared to its individual performances. Ruthenium (IV) oxide (RuO 2 ) itself is an excellent candidate material for catalysis, field emission displays, fuel cells and supercapacitor applications [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. There are varieties of methods such as wet chemical [ 9 ], biological [ 10 ], thermal deposition [ 11 ], thin film-based and recently plasma-mediated routes [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ] to prepare nanomaterials are currently used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Plasma Assisted Synthesis of Ag2O Nanomaterials and Ag2O/RuO2 Nanocomposites

Ananth

Mok

2016

Nanomaterials

Self Cite

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Silver oxide, ruthenium oxide nanomaterials and its composites are widely used in a variety of applications. Plasma-mediated synthesis is one of the emerging technologies to prepare nanomaterials with desired physicochemical properties. In this study, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was used to synthesize Ag2O and Ag2O/RuO2 nanocomposite materials. The prepared materials showed good crystallinity. The surface morphology of the Ag2O exhibited “garland-like” features, and it changed to “flower-like” and “leaf-like” at different NaOH concentrations. The Ag2O/RuO2 composite showed mixed structures of aggregated Ag2O and sheet-like RuO2. Mechanisms governing the material’s growth under atmospheric pressure plasma were proposed. Chemical analysis was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the thermal decomposition behavior and the oxygen release pattern.

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Synthesis of RuO2 nanomaterials under dielectric barrier discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure – Influence of substrates on the morphology and application

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Constructing Ru/TiO₂ Heteronanostructures Toward Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting via a RuO₂/TiO₂ Heterojunction and Ru/TiO₂ Schottky Junction

Constructing Ru/TiO₂ Heteronanostructures Toward Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting via a RuO₂/TiO₂ Heterojunction and Ru/TiO₂ Schottky Junction

Nanomaterial Synthesis Using Plasma Generation in Liquid

Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Plasma Assisted Synthesis of Ag2O Nanomaterials and Ag2O/RuO2 Nanocomposites

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Synthesis of RuO2 nanomaterials under dielectric barrier discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure – Influence of substrates on the morphology and application

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Constructing Ru/TiO2 Heteronanostructures Toward Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting via a RuO2/TiO2 Heterojunction and Ru/TiO2 Schottky Junction

Constructing Ru/TiO2 Heteronanostructures Toward Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting via a RuO2/TiO2 Heterojunction and Ru/TiO2 Schottky Junction

Nanomaterial Synthesis Using Plasma Generation in Liquid

Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Plasma Assisted Synthesis of Ag2O Nanomaterials and Ag2O/RuO2 Nanocomposites

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Product

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Constructing Ru/TiO₂ Heteronanostructures Toward Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting via a RuO₂/TiO₂ Heterojunction and Ru/TiO₂ Schottky Junction

Constructing Ru/TiO₂ Heteronanostructures Toward Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting via a RuO₂/TiO₂ Heterojunction and Ru/TiO₂ Schottky Junction