Synthesis of BaFe_1‐xNi_xCu_xO_3‐δ new ceramic composition as solid oxide fuel cell cathode by microwave‐assisted solid‐state reaction

Abstract

In this research, new ceramic BaFe 0.8 Ni 0.1 Cu 0.1 O 3-δ powder was synthesized by solid-state reaction method in conventional and microwave furnaces. Then, characterization, structure, and morphology of the resulting powders were studied. For characterization of synthetic powders, X-ray diffraction, powder density gas pycnometer method, particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy were performed. The results showed that the BaFe 0.8 Ni 0.1 Cu 0.1 O 3-δ powder synthesized in microwave furnace at 1,000°C without soaking time and in conventional furnace at the same temperature with 12-hr soaking time. In addition, the X-ray diffraction results demonstrated that the main peak is shifted to lower angles by substitution iron ions with nickel and copper ions. Furthermore, the crystal structures of powders were hexagonal and tetragonal, and their density were 5.88 and 5.43 g/cm 3 , respectively, in conventional and microwave furnaces. Finally, the morphology and particle size of the synthesized powders were the same in both furnaces.

Thickness‐dependent high‐performance solid oxide fuel cells with Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3‐δ cathode

“…Huge efforts have been dedicated to investigating solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and facilitating the commercialization process of this technology. Due to high operating temperatures (400–1000°C), SOFCs have many outstanding advantages, such as fuel flexibility, enhanced electrode activity, and so on, thus making them versatile to generate electricity without the need for additional catalysts 1–4 . Different from the Carnot cycle, SOFCs can achieve the direct conversion of the chemical fuels not involving any mechanical aspects, guaranteeing the high conversion efficiency 5 .…”

“…Due to high operating temperatures (400-1000 C), SOFCs have many outstanding advantages, such as fuel flexibility, enhanced electrode activity, and so on, thus making them versatile to generate electricity without the need for additional catalysts. [1][2][3][4] Different from the Carnot cycle, SOFCs can achieve the direct conversion of the chemical fuels not involving any mechanical aspects, guaranteeing the high conversion efficiency. 5 Normally, a single SOFC is made up of an anode and a cathode, which are separated by an electrolyte.…”

Solid oxide fuel cell using agroforestry waste as fuel: A balance between power output and fuel utilization

“…Fuel cells have been a kind of rapidly advancing technologies offering clean and efficient energy with low or zero carbon emission recently 3–7 . Among various types of fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) possesses several notable advantages: All‐solid‐state structure, high temperature operation, and fuel flexibility, which make SOFC a promising electrochemical converter for solid carbonaceous fuels 8–15 …”

“…[3][4][5][6][7] Among various types of fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) possesses several notable advantages: All-solidstate structure, high temperature operation, and fuel flexibility, which make SOFC a promising electrochemical converter for solid carbonaceous fuels. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] In recent years, biochar has been intensively studied as fuel in direct carbon SOFC (DC-SOFC). [16][17][18][19][20] Although conceptual demonstrations of DC-SOFC have been carried out, challenges remain therein, including degradation mechanisms, fuel continuous supply, and pretreatment methods.…”