Synthesis of silver nanoparticle from X‐ray film and its application in production of biofuel from jatropha oil

Abstract

Recycling of waste material and production of biofuels are the thrust areas to modern technology. The basic idea behind this work is to regenerate waste silver from X-ray films and to employ them in biofuel production from jatropha oil. Stable silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were prepared using Quercus infectoria (oak gall) and raw Camellia sinensis (tea) extracts. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, UV-visible spectra, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and Fe-SEM technique. The temperature of the reactions, weight hourly space velocity, and time of reaction decide the yield of biofuel, and the parameters were optimized over Ag NP catalyst. Apart from yield of biofuel, the proportion of gasoline fraction (C5-C9) was also peer monitored. A maximum of 90% conversion of jatropha oil was converted into 85% biofuel with 76% selectivity toward gasoline over Ag NPs. Flash point, fire point, calorific value, cloud point, specific gravity, and viscosity of the gasoline were evaluated and correlated with ASTM D6751 standards.

Antiviral effects of coinage metal-based nanomaterials to combat COVID-19 and its variants

“…37 Owing to its excellent biocompatibility, Ag has been used in antibacterial creams, wound dressing, endotracheal breathing tubes, catheters, X-ray film, and conjugated drugs. 38–42 Even though Ag has minute toxicity toward the human body, it does not possess any adverse effects; however, chronic use of Ag can cause argyria. 43,44 In addition, metallic Au also has a long history of medicinal use, ranging from traditional to modern medicine, due to its biocompatibility.…”

Drop-in biofuels production from microalgae to hydrocarbons: Microalgal cultivation and harvesting, conversion pathways, economics and prospects for aviation

“…Despite the advantages of higher conversion and hydrocarbon content in the jet fuel range, one risk of conducting catalytic pyrolysis at higher temperatures is the conversion of linear hydrocarbons to aromatic compounds, the level of which is required to be lower than 25% in jet fuel [45,131,136]. Polymerization of aromatics can cover the surface of a catalyst and block the pores, consequently, producing coke as a by-product [155].…”

Electrochemical Growth of Ag/Zn Alloys from Zinc Process Solutions and Their Dealloying Behavior

“…However, the supply of silver currently faces the twin challenges of increased silver consumption, whilst there is a concurrent depletion in the availability of high-grade raw materials . To realize sustainable development concepts, the further exploitation of secondary raw materials as metal sources for functional material production has attracted great attention. − In contrast, precious metals [like Au, Ag, and platinum group metals (PGMs)] widely present in hydrometallurgical process solutions of base metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, and so forth) have been underutilized as typical sources for functional material production because of their minute concentrations (ppm level or lower). − The recent innovation of the electrodeposition-redox replacement (EDRR) method has been found to be a promising approach for metal recovery from extremely low concentration solutions. − Moreover, because of its capability to control the resultant product properties, the EDRR approach also has significant potential for streamlining the traditional manufacturing routes by directly preparing high value-added functional surfaces from process and waste solutions. For example, the feasibility of the direct preparation of Pt/Ni, Ag/Cu, and Ag/Zn bimetallic particles from different hydrometallurgical solutions has been demonstrated.…”