This work is focused on the relationship between electrochemical performance and morphology of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (NCM) in an aqueous rechargeable lithium battery, and provides a reference for the selection of novel battery materials. In this work, NCM microrods, microspheres, and nanoblocks were successfully synthesized by solvothermal, coprecipitation, and sol–gel methods, respectively. Of the three samples, NCM nanoblocks, which are formed by agglomeration of a large number of nanoparticles, show the best electrochemical performance. During cycling, the NCM nanoblock exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 137.4 mAh g−1 and an impressive capacity of 130.8 mAh g−1 after 20 cycles at a current density of 1C (=160 mA g−1). Even at a high current density of 50C, this NCM nanoblock provides a capacity of 50.1 mAh g−1, which shows the great potential of the nanoblock as a cathode in aqueous rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries.