Synthesis of Solid Acid Catalysts Based on TiO<sub>2</sub>- SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>and Pt/TiO<sub>2</sub>- SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> Applied in <i>n</i>-Hexane Isomerization

Abstract

The physicochemical properties and catalytic activity of pure and sulfated titanium oxide (TiO 2 and 2 4 2 TiO-SO ) is described in this work. Titanium hydroxide synthesized by the sol-gel method was impregnated with a 1 N H 2 SO 4 solution, varying amount of sulfate ions (4 SO) in the range from 10 to 20 wt%. Pure and modified hydroxides were calcined at 500˚C for 3 h and then characterized by TGA-DTG, XRD, BET, FT-IR, potentiometric titration with n-butylamine and 2-propanol dehydration. Catalytic activity of materials was tested in the n-hexane isomerization at 350˚C. The results showed that TiO 2 and 2 4 2 Ti 2 O-SO  mainly developed anatase phase. All have acceptable specific surface area (95-105 m 2 /g). Potentiometric titration with n-butylamine revealed that 2 4 2 2 4  2-SO TiO-SO TiO  showed higher acidity (430-530 mV) than compared to pure TiO 2 (−15 mV), indicating that this oxide only has weak acidity. The results showed good relationship between acidity determined by potentiometric titration with n-butylamine and the catalytic activity evaluated by 2-propanol dehydration and n-hexane isomerization. Titanium oxide with 20 wt% of ions was the material that demonstrated the highest catalytic activity for both reactions.

Validating superior electrochemical properties of Ti3C2 MXene for supercapacitor applications through first-principles calculations

“…3(b) depicts the FTIR spectrum of Ti 3 C 2 MXene attained across the range of 500-3500 cm À1 , where strong peaks appearing in the spectrum located at 1058 cm À1 correspond to the carbon to oxygen bond (C-O). 27 The presence of oxygen-involved bonding peaks in the spectrum justifies the presence of oxygen atoms (13.76%) as indicated by the EDX spectrum. These oxygen atoms are present in the form of oxygen-containing functional groups due to the strong affinity of the MXene surface towards such groups.…”

Esterification of 1-Octanol on Clinoptilolite-Supported TiO2 Catalysts

“…S1 has the signals of K α values; Al (1.486 keV), Si (1.739 keV), K (3.312 keV) and Ca (3.690 keV) which is from CLI and also Ti (4.508 keV). In this spectrum, there is no Cl element signal which is from the hydrothermal loading of TiCl 4 in weak acidic medium has disappeared because of the oxidation reactions appeared during calcination at 700 • C [26]. In addition, it is found out that there are still non-oxidized Ti-Cl groups in products which were obtained with calcination at 600 • C or under, whereas in XRD diffractograms, the d-spacing values for the product calcined at 600 • C fits better with TiO 2 crystal (Fig.…”