Synthesis of surfactant-free hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nanogels for controlled release of insulin

In recent years, many bacteria have developed resistance to commonly used antibiotics. It is well-known that calcium is essential for bacterial function and cell wall stability. Bisphosphonates (BPs) have high affinity to calcium ions and are effective calcium chelators. Therefore, BPs could potentially be used as antibacterial agents. This article provides a detailed description regarding the synthesis of a unique BP vinylic monomer MA-Glu-BP (methacrylate glutamate bisphosphonate) and polyMA-Glu-BP nanoparticles (NPs) for antibacterial applications. polyMA-Glu-BP NPs were synthesized by dispersion copolymerization of the MA-Glu-BP monomer with the primary amino monomer N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA) and the cross-linker monomer tetra ethylene glycol diacrylate, to form cross-linked NPs with a narrow size distribution. The size and size distribution of polyMA-Glu-BP NPs were controlled by changing various polymerization parameters. Near-infrared fluorescent polyMA-Glu-BP NPs were prepared by covalent binding of the dye cyanine7 N-hydroxysuccinimide to the primary amino groups belonging to the APMA monomeric units on the polyMA-Glu-BP NPs. The affinity of the near-infrared fluorescent polyMA-Glu-BP NPs toward calcium was demonstrated in vitro by a coral model. Cytotoxicity, cell uptake, and antibacterial properties of the polyMA-Glu-BP NPs against two common bacterial pathogens representing Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and two representing Gram-positive bacteria, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, were then demonstrated.

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“…As the polymerization progresses, the cross-linkage increases and the NPs become more compact and therefore decrease in diameter. 38 − 40 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering of a New Bisphosphonate Monomer and Nanoparticles of Narrow Size Distribution for Antibacterial Applications

et al. 2018

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“…Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) nanogels have been synthesized via surfactant‐free polymerization in an aqueous solution without surfactants and an organic solvent under an N 2 atmosphere (Yao et al, 2014). Results showed that the HPMC nanogels loaded with INS had a high drug loading of 21.3%, a high EE of 95.7%, a temperature‐dependent insulin release, and a pH‐sustained insulin delivery (Zhao, Shi, et al, 2016). Concerning diabetic rats, oral administration of 25 or 50 IU/Kg insulin‐loaded salecan hydrogels which have been developed by free radical polymerization in diabetic rats, resulted in a sustained decrease of fasting plasma glucose levels over 6 h post‐administration (Qi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Types Of Nanocarriers Used For Oral Insulin Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel strategies to oral delivery of insulin: Current progress of nanocarriers for diabetes management

Abdel-Moneim

Ramadan

2021

Drug Development Research

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Diabetes mellitus is one of the most serious public health problems in the world. Repeated daily injections of subcutaneous insulin is the standard treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus; however, subcutaneous insulin injections can potentially cause local discomfort, patient noncompliance, hypoglycemia, failure to regulate glucose homeostasis, infections, and fat deposits at the injection sites. In recent years, numerous attempts have been made to produce safe and efficient nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery. Oral administration is considered the most effective alternative route to insulin injection, but it is accompanied by several challenges related to enzymatic proteolysis, digestive breakdown, and absorption barriers. A number of natural and synthetic polymeric, lipid‐based, and inorganic nanoparticles have been investigated for use. Although improvements have recently been made in potential oral insulin delivery systems, these require further investigation before clinical trials are conducted. In this review, new approaches to oral insulin delivery for diabetes treatment are discussed, including polymeric, lipid‐based, and inorganic nanoparticles, as well as the clinical trials performed for this purpose.

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“…By adjusting the pH and temperature, control over drug release from the nanogel can be achieved. Thus, a controlled release of insulin from the nanogel can be achieved in patients suffering from diabetes (Zhao et al, 2016).…”

Section: Treatment Of Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and pH-responsive nanogels as intelligent drug delivery systems: A comprehensive review

Jha¹,

Rama²,

Ladani³

et al. 2021

J Appl Pharm Sci

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With the advancement of technology and the evolution of modern healthcare systems, the focus is shifting from conventional drug delivery vehicles to novel, nanosized carriers. Nanogels are an example of such nanosized drug delivery systems that have been researched at length. They can be designed to be sensitive to a multitude of physical and chemical stimuli and this endows them with the capability to deliver the drugs they carry in a site-specific manner. These intelligent drug delivery systems are biocompatible and capable of loading copious quantities of the drug. pH is a major chemical property and temperature is a major physical property of a biological system. So nanogels responsive to either pH or temperature or a combination of both, possess immense biomedical potential. This review encompasses synthetic techniques and evaluation tests to confirm the responsiveness of single pH-responsive nanogels and thermoresponsive nanogels as well as dual pH/thermoresponsive nanogels. A closer look is also taken at their biomedical applications.

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Synthesis of surfactant-free hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nanogels for controlled release of insulin

Cited by 39 publications

References 24 publications

Engineering of a New Bisphosphonate Monomer and Nanoparticles of Narrow Size Distribution for Antibacterial Applications

Engineering of a New Bisphosphonate Monomer and Nanoparticles of Narrow Size Distribution for Antibacterial Applications

Novel strategies to oral delivery of insulin: Current progress of nanocarriers for diabetes management

Temperature and pH-responsive nanogels as intelligent drug delivery systems: A comprehensive review

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