Synthesis of the first representative of dicarbothiacyanine dyes with completely fluorinated polymethine chain

Nature of the lowest electronic transitions of thia- and quinocyanines with fluorinated polymethine chain

“…1. Methods of the synthesis of corresponding thiacyanines 1-3 and 7-9, quinocyanines 4-6 and 10-12 were described earlier [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

“…One of the most effective chemical design pathways is an introduction of the heteroatoms. The previous study has shown that the replacement of the hydrogen in the polymethine chain of the cyanine dyes by fluorine atom with its high electronegativity could considerably affects not only on the positions of the first absorption band [6][7][8][9], but also on the energy of the second electronic transition [10]. As a further development of this conception, the …”

Synthesis and Supramolecular Functional Assemblies of Ratiometric pH Probes

“…[20] Other methodsi nvolve the condensation of 4-methylquinoliniumor4-methylpyridinium salts with 2-methylthioheterocyclic salts [21] or condensation between cationic heterocycles with phenylimino derivatives of malondialdehyde. [22] Cyanine dyes have also been prepared with complex heterocycles [23] and fluorinated polymethinec hains, [24] and equipped with pH-detection capabilities. [25] The pH-triggered fluorescent cyanines have been intensively studied, in particular,c yanine derivatives with non-N-alkylated indolium structures (i.e., 17-21; Figure 4).…”

The Research Progress of Hexafluorobutadiene Synthesis

“…Recently, researchers have found emerging applications of cyanine dye in solar energy utilization, for instance, Rensmo [8] indicated that nanocrystalline ZnO electrode, which was sensitized by organic dye, can be used as photo-anodes in photoelectrochemical solar cell, and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photoelectrochemical solar cell was 2%. Yagupolskii [9] suggested that a fluorine atom introduced in the connecting bridge could effectively increase the absorbance range of the dye, and Yagupolskii [9] successfully introduced the flooring system into the cyanine dyes via reaction of perfluorobutadiene and benzothiazole, so that the maximum absorption wavelength of the dye was increased from 453 nm to 578 nm. The synthesis process is mainly divided into three steps: synthesized 2-perfluorobutadiene benzothiazole by the reaction of benzothiazole basic magnesium chloride and perfluorobutadiene in tetrahydrofuran solvent at −40˚C, and then , prepared N-methyl-2-perfluorobutadiene benzothiazoles boron tetrafluoride salt(I) by the alkylation reaction of 2-perfluorobutadiene benzothiazole with iodomethane under the catalysis of AgBF 4 .…”