Synthesis of the sednet work package 4 outcomes

Bortone, G.; Arévalo, Eduardo; Deibel, Imke; Detzner, Heinz-Dieter; Propris, L. De; Elskens, F.; Giordano, Andrea; Hakstege, Pol; Hamer, Kay; Harmsen, J.; Hauge, Audun; Palumbo, Leonardo; Veen, Johan van der

doi:10.1007/bf02991117

Cited by 60 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The historical lack of concern related to sediment quality has resulted in a large number of heavily contaminated sediments worldwide, and there are reasons to believe that these numbers will increase. For instance, in Europe alone it is estimated that 100-200 million m 3 of contaminated sediment are produced yearly (Bortone et al 2004), pointing at the need to identify locations in need of remediation and that measures have to be taken to minimize the risk of further sediment contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and chemical characterization of harbour sediments from the Stockholm area

et al. 2009

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Purpose The main objective of the current study was to assess the impact of pleasure boat activities on harbour sediment quality in the Stockholm area. Sediment contamination is a growing ecological issue, and there is consequently a need to use sediment bioassays in combination with chemical analysis to determine the impact on the ecosystem. To generate sediment toxicity data relevant for the Baltic Sea, a secondary objective was to further develop and evaluate two well-established bioassays for saltwater, with the macroalga Ceramium tenuicorne and the crustacean Nitocra spinipes, to be useful also for toxicity testing of whole sediment. A major concern has been to minimize any manipulation of the sediments. A third objective was to assess whether a simple leaching procedure could be used to simulate sediment toxicity by comparing results from whole sediment and leachate tests. Materials and methods Surface sediments (0-2 cm) from five different types of pleasure boat harbours were collected. Chemical measurements of boat related compounds, i.e. tin organic substances (tributyltin (TBT), dibutyl tin, and monobutyl tin), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), copper, zinc, lead, tin and irgarol were conducted. The sediments were tested for toxic effects using the established Microtox® test as well as the developed sediment tests with C. tenuicorne and N. spinipes. The endpoints are growth inhibition for the algal test and for the crustacean test mortality of larvae and rate of development expressed as the ratio between nauplia and copepodites. Two different procedures have been compared with both organisms, i.e. exposure to whole sediment and to leachate. The duration of both tests is around 1 week. Results and discussion All harbour locations were more or less heavily contaminated with remnants from use of antifouling paints. The sediment in a smaller marina (ca. 250 boats) contained the highest levels of TBT (max 1,400 µg/kg dry weight (dw)), whereas the centre of Stockholm City had the highest concentrations of all measured metals (max values Cu 252, Pb 830, Sn 25 and Zn 600 µg/kg dw) as well as high concentrations of total PAH (18 mg/kg dw). All three organisms were well suited to test the toxicity of contaminated sediments and were able to discriminate between more or less polluted sediments. The sediments in the smaller marina were most toxic along with sediments adjacent to slipways and sediments from the centre of Stockholm. No significant difference was found between the two different procedures for the algal tests. The whole sediment test was significantly more toxic to N. spinipes than the test using leachate. Conclusions Our results show that in spite of prohibition for many years to use tin organic substances and copper, boat activities still contribute with high concentrations of these toxic substances from anti-fouling paints in the surface sediment and that these have effects on organisms normally living in this environment. The present study has also demonstrated an expansion of two well-established t...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological and chemical characterization of harbour sediments from the Stockholm area

et al. 2009

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“…On the other hand, where AL failure is not followed by further assessment (e.g., the Netherlands) or where assessment protocols for AL1 failures are not clearly delineated (as in Denmark, Norway, Ireland, and the UK), it is unclear what will happen to these nontoxic AL1 failures. If they are refused for uncontrolled DaS, despite being nontoxic, this not only poses unnecessary expense on applicants, as treatment and containment have high costs (Bortone et al ), but there are also environmental consequences in terms of land, energy and water use, transport and management risks, loss of disposal/storage capacity, and possibly, refusal or withdrawal of dredging permits or applications (Apitz and Black ). Nontoxic sediment not returned to the marine environment also has impacts on sediment balance within coastal systems (Apitz , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of a decision III: Evaluation of national disposal at sea program action level efficacy considering 2 chemical action levels

Apitz¹,

Vivian

Agius

2017

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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The potential performance (i.e., ability to separate nontoxic from toxic sediments) of a range of international Disposal at Sea (DaS) chemical Action Levels (ALs) was compared using a sediment chemical and toxicological database. The use of chemistry alone (without the use of further lines of evidence) did not perform well at reducing costs and protecting the environment. Although some approaches for interpreting AL1 results are very effective at filtering out the majority of acutely toxic sediments, without subsequent toxicological assessment, a large proportion of nontoxic sediments would be unnecessarily subjected to treatment and containment, and a number of sublethally toxic sediments would be missed. Even the best tiered systems that collect and evaluate information sequentially resulted in the failure to catch at least some sublethally or acutely toxic sediments. None of the AL2s examined were particularly effective in distinguishing between non-, sublethally, or acutely toxic sediments. Thus, this review did not support the use of chemical AL2s to predict the degree to which sediments will be toxic.

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“…Therefore, harbour sediments have become worldwide hotspots of contaminants from shipping activities and run-off from urban and industrialised areas (Förstner and Salomons 1988;Bortone et al 2004). During regular harbour management, bottom impacts and re-suspension from propeller activity are frequent occurrences which make the sediments a secondary source with significant potential for desorption and spreading of the most bioavailable, dissolved contaminant fractions (Hedge et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of dissolved trace metals and organic contaminants during deep water disposal of contaminated sediments from Oslo harbour, Norway

2011

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Purpose The current study was conducted in order to assess the release of dissolved contaminants from sediment relocation works in Oslo harbour, Norway, whilst operations were being carried out, and to assess the potential for spreading into the wider fjord area. Materials and methods This was achieved by comparing the concentration of metals and organic contaminants in the vicinity of the disposal site, and at strategic locations in the adjacent fjord area. In total, 14 stations were chosen, with passive sampling devices, diffusive gradients in thin films for metals and semipermeable membrane devices for organic compounds, deployed at various depths at each station for a period of 1 month. Results and discussion The highest concentrations were generally found closer to the harbour area where trace metals and organic contaminants are supplied from several sources including river discharges and old, contaminated sediments. Near the deposition site, the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls were low and the concentration gradients for Cd, Zn and Cu indicated removal of these metals from the water column, probably due to association with sulphides present at the deposition site or in the discharged sediments. Elevated concentrations of Pb and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) revealed that the disposal acted as a source of these compounds, but maximum concentrations were similar to or less than those predicted before the deposition begun. The estimated vertical transport and spreading to areas outside of the semi-enclosed sill basin was negligible. Conclusions Strictly, the validity of the results presented here are limited to a 1-month period of the disposal operations which lasted nearly 3 years. During this period, release of contaminants was compound-specific, but even for the most labile PAHs and Pb, the release appeared to be in the same order of magnitude or smaller than the release from other local sources not limited in time to the duration of the remediation operation.

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Synthesis of the sednet work package 4 outcomes

Cited by 60 publications

References 0 publications

Biological and chemical characterization of harbour sediments from the Stockholm area

Biological and chemical characterization of harbour sediments from the Stockholm area

Anatomy of a decision III: Evaluation of national disposal at sea program action level efficacy considering 2 chemical action levels

Release of dissolved trace metals and organic contaminants during deep water disposal of contaminated sediments from Oslo harbour, Norway

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