Synthesis of thin film composite membrane using mixed dendritic poly(amidoamine) and void filling piperazine monomers

Efficacy of different generations and concentrations of PAMAM–NH2 on the performance and structure of TFC membranes

“…On the other hand, the presence of PAMAM molecules in the aqueous phase results in more notable changes in the structure of the modified thin layer. As a result, with increasing of the PAMAM generation a rougher surface containing a nodular and dense surface was obtained [25]. Fig.…”

“…Xu et al showed that an ultrathin and dense layer linked by amine groups was formed on the surface of the supporting PAN membrane during modification with PAMAM [24]. Other researchers have employed PAMAM molecules as monomer in the interfacial polymerization process, which where they found that the presence of PAMAM increased the membrane water permeability and repulsion between membrane and ions [25,11]. Sum et al employed and investigated the effect of zero generation of PAMAM on the same properties [25].…”

“…On the other hand, both the preparation of PAMAM is expensive and time-consuming and employing PAPAM solitary shows no desired performance, thus using PAMAM just as a monomer is limited [25].…”

The Recent Progress in Modification of Polymeric Membranes Using Organic Macromolecules for Water Treatment

“…Attempts have also been made by introducing different generations of PAMAM dendrimers during the formation of PA layer of TFC membrane. Sum et al synthesized TFC membranes through interfacial polymerization of mixed amine monomers consisting of piperazine with trimesoyl chloride and PAMAM [112]. As shown in Figure 2, the PAMAM-TMC polymer structure is loosely packed due to the wide dendritic alkyl chain of PAMAM, which prevents close packaging of the polymer chain.…”

A novel semi-aromatic polyamide TFC reverse osmosis membrane fabricated from a dendritic molecule of trimesoylamidoamine through a two-step amine-immersion mode

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Recently, Hoek et al reported a new polyamide RO membrane with antifouling and chlorine-tolerant properties fabricated from an aliphatic amine of 1,3-diamino-2-propanol (DAP), but this membrane exhibited low water permeability. 44 In the same year, Sum used the dendritic ethylenediamine cored poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) as a amine monomer to enhance the water permeability of the TFC membrane through interfacial polymerization due to its dendritic and hydrophilic nature, and this membrane presented favorable nanoltration performance owing to the introduction of the co-polymerized monomer piperazine as a void-ller in the membrane skin layer during interfacial polymerization, 45 which suggested that the dendritic macromolecule has an advantage to improve the membrane water ux due to its large free volume. 46,47 However, to our knowledge, the use of dendritic macromolecule in RO membranes is still quite limited.…”