Synthesis of thioxopropanamide surfactants for studying the flotation performance and adsorption mechanism on chalcopyrite

O-Isobutyl-N-hydroxyethyl Thionocarbamate: Molecular Behavior and Flotation Mechanism to Chalcopyrite

“…The S 2p 3/2 spectrum of untreated chalcopyrite shows three peaks, which are, respectively, assigned to metal sulfides (36.99% at 160.92 eV), monosulfide , (37.12% at 161.47 eV), and disulfide species (25.89% at 162.64 eV). The S 2p 3/2 XPS spectrum of the chalcopyrite surface displayed three distinct peaks at ∼160.96 (60.04%), 161.46 (19.27%), and 162.70 eV (20.69%) following IBHETC adsorption.…”

“…The S 2p 3/2 spectrum of untreated chalcopyrite shows three peaks, which are, respectively, assigned to metal sulfides 22 (36.99% at 160.92 eV), monosulfide 47,48 (37.12% at 161.47 eV), and disulfide species 47 the peaks shifted slightly, the proportion of each peak changed obviously. The decrease of monosulfide and disulfide species indicates that these substances were removed from the mineral surface after IBHETC adsorption on the chalcopyrite surface, which is consistent with the result that IBHETC is directly adsorbed on the mineral surface and formed the IBHETC− Cu−S complexes.…”

“…The raw and treated samples with the IBHETC collector were prepared by the following steps: 2 g of samples were added to 45 mL of deionized water; then, 5 mL of distilled water or a collector solution of the 0.03 mol•L −1 was added. The mixture was placed in a water bath thermostat oscillator and oscillated at 25 °C for 2 h. The pulp was filtrated and washed with distilled water, and the filter cake was dried in a vacuum oven at 25 °C for 24 h. 22 2.2.6. Computational Details.…”

“…The Cu 2p 3/2 peak of the original chalcopyrite sample is best-fitted by two peaks with energies of 932.08 and 934.07 eV, which correspond to the Cu 1+ −S and Cu−O species on chalcopyrite, respectively. 10,22,47 After treatment by IBHETC, a new peak emerges around 931.81 eV, which is assigned to IBHETC−Cu−S species that originate from the reactions of Cu 1+ −S sites with IBHETC molecules. 22 It indicates that IBHETC is directly adsorbed on the mineral surface instead of forming IBHETC−Cu 1+/2+ precipitates.…”

“…10,22,47 After treatment by IBHETC, a new peak emerges around 931.81 eV, which is assigned to IBHETC−Cu−S species that originate from the reactions of Cu 1+ −S sites with IBHETC molecules. 22 It indicates that IBHETC is directly adsorbed on the mineral surface instead of forming IBHETC−Cu 1+/2+ precipitates. Besides, the decrease of binding energy from 932.08 eV (Cu 1+ −S) to 931.81 eV (IBHETC−Cu−S) is related to the electron transfer from the two polar groups in IBHETC to copper atoms.…”