Synthesis of Ti matrix composites reinforced with TiC particles: thermodynamic equilibrium and change in microstructure

Roger, Jérôme; Gardiola, B.; Andrieux, J.; Viala, J.C.; Dezellus, Olivier

doi:10.1007/s10853-016-0677-y

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Moreover, it has been noted that the lattice parameter did not change in the whole range of processing conditions. It is well established that the lattice parameter of TiC phase depends on the carbon content [32]. Based on data reported by Holt and Munir [33], it can be concluded that the reaction between titanium and carbon taking place in the molten pool, under investigated solidification conditions, led to the formation of a stochiometric TiC 1.0 phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Microstructure and Sliding Wear Behaviour of In-Situ TiC-Reinforced Composite Surface Layers Fabricated on Ductile Cast Iron by Laser Alloying

Janicki

2018

Materials

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TiC-reinforced composite surface layers (TRLs) on a ductile cast iron EN-GJS-700-2 grade (DCI) substrate were synthesized using a diode laser surface alloying with a direct injection of titanium powder into the molten pool. The experimental results were compared with thermodynamic calculations. The TRLs having a uniform distribution of the TiC particles and their fraction up to 15.4 vol % were achieved. With increasing titanium concentration in the molten pool, fractions of TiC and retained austenite increase and the shape of TiC particles changes from cubic to dendritic form. At the same time, the cementite fraction decreases, lowering the overall hardness of the TRL. A good agreement between experimental and calculated results was achieved. Comparative dry sliding wear tests between the as-received DCI, the TRLs and also laser surface melted layers (SMLs) have been performed following the ASTM G 99 standard test method under contact pressures of 2.12 and 4.25 MPa. For both the as-received DCI and the SMLs, the wear rates increased with increasing contact pressure. The TRLs exhibited a significantly higher wear resistance than the others, which was found to be load independent.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Microstructure and Sliding Wear Behaviour of In-Situ TiC-Reinforced Composite Surface Layers Fabricated on Ductile Cast Iron by Laser Alloying

Janicki

2018

Materials

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“…During the heating step, an interfacial reaction between Ti and TiC will occur as already shown and studied in the literature [6,7]. More precisely, a preceding paper gave details of the general scenario of chemical interaction between the Ti matrix and the TiC particles during the consolidation step at high temperature [8]. Four key steps were proposed starting with dissolution of the smallest particles to reach C saturation in the Ti matrix, followed by a change in the TiC stoichiometry in order to reach thermodynamic equilibrium between matrix and reinforcement following reaction (1):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…3 carbide phase. The reaction is therefore associated with two major phenomena: an increase in the total amount of reinforcement in the composite material and an increase in the mean particle radius by a factor of 1.19 [8]. As a consequence, the average distance between the particles decreases during the course of the reaction and contact between individual particles occurs in the most reinforced domain of MMC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Ti matrix composites reinforced with TiC particles: in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and modeling

2018

Self Cite

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The reaction tending towards thermodynamic equilibrium during the synthesis of Ti/TiC MMC prepared by the powder metallurgy route was studied by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction.The carbide composition was found to change rapidly from its initial stoichiometric value TiC 0.96 towards a sub-stoichiometric value (TiC 0.57 ) corresponding to thermodynamic equilibrium with the C-saturated Ti matrix. The reaction rate is very fast and the solid-state reaction is almost complete after only a few minutes at 1073K (800°C) for the smallest particles, whereas the ratelimiting step remains the particle size. In addition, modeling of the diffusion processes in MMCs, i.e. initial dissolution of particles and their trend towards equilibrium composition, was performed using three particles size classes and the calculations were performed using the ThermoCalc and Dictra package. First, dissolution of the smallest particles (10% of the initial TiC 0.96To cite this paper : J. Andrieux, B. Gardiola, O. Dezellus, Synthesis of Ti matrix composites reinforced with TiC particles: in-situ synchrotron X ray diffraction and modeling, Journal of Materials Science 2018, Accepted for publication, doi 10.1007/s10853-018-2258 particles) is expected to be achieved after only 1s at 800°C. Second, the change in TiC composition lead to an increase in the total amount of carbide in the composite from 16 mass% to 19 mass%. The consequences on the industrial process of Ti/TiC MMC synthesis have also been considered. A typical industrial heat treatment of a MMC billet, 1h at 900°C, was modeled and the results showing an increase of the total amount of carbide in the composite from 16 mass% to 22 mass% are in rather good agreement with the experimental value (21 mass%).This highlights the potential of thermodynamic and kinetic modeling to help understand and optimize industrial processes for MMC synthesis.

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“…The combination of the structural characteristics of the hard inclusions (titanium carbide) and the metal binder (matrix) provides the functional properties of the composite material. There are many methods of producing metal matrix composites with titanium carbide [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Classical methods of powder metallurgy (sintering, hot pressing and extrusion) and combination of them with mechanical activation or chemical-thermal processes can be used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sintering Behavior and Microstructure of TiC-Me Composite Powder Prepared by SHS

Коростелева

Коржова

Krinitcyn

2017

Metals

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Titanium, its alloys, and refractory compounds are often used in the compositions of surfacing materials. In particular, under the conditions of electron-beam surfacing the use of synthesized composite powder based on titanium carbide with a metal binder (TiC-Me) has a positive effect. These powders have been prepared via the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) present in a thermally-inert metal binder. The initial carbide particle distribution changes slightly in the surfacing layer in the high-energy rapid process of electron-beam surfacing. However, these methods also have their limitations. The development of technologies and equipment using low-energy sources is assumed. In this case, the question of the structure formation of composite materials based on titanium carbide remains open, if a low-energy and prolonged impact in additive manufacturing will be used. This work reports the investigation of the sintered powders that were previously synthesized by the layerwise combustion mode of a mixture of titanium, carbon black, and metal binders of various types. The problems of structure formation during vacuum sintering of multi-component powder materials obtained as a result of SHS are considered. The microstructure and dependences of the sintered composites densification on the sintering temperature and the composition of the SH-synthesized powder used are presented. It has been shown that under the conditions of the nonstoichiometric synthesized titanium carbide during subsequently vacuum sintering an additional alloy formation occurs that can lead to a consolidation (shrinkage) or volumetric growth of sintered TiC-Me composite depending on the type of metal matrix used.

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Synthesis of Ti matrix composites reinforced with TiC particles: thermodynamic equilibrium and change in microstructure

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

Microstructure and Sliding Wear Behaviour of In-Situ TiC-Reinforced Composite Surface Layers Fabricated on Ductile Cast Iron by Laser Alloying

Microstructure and Sliding Wear Behaviour of In-Situ TiC-Reinforced Composite Surface Layers Fabricated on Ductile Cast Iron by Laser Alloying

Synthesis of Ti matrix composites reinforced with TiC particles: in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and modeling

Sintering Behavior and Microstructure of TiC-Me Composite Powder Prepared by SHS

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