Synthesis of TiN powders through electrical wire explosion in liquid nitrogen

Hokamoto, Kazuyuki; Wada, Norio; Tomoshige, Ryuichi; Kai, Shoichiro; Ujimoto, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.06.061

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For example, Liu et al [41] reported the synthesis of Al nanoparticles by pulsed discharge of Al wire in an Argon medium. Wada et al [42,43] obtained TiO 2 and TiN nanopowders using the pulsed discharge of Ti wire in air and liquid nitrogen, respectively. Tanaka et al [44] have recovered tungsten carbide nanoparticles after the pulsed discharge to tungsten wire in liquid paraffin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Efficiency Production of Large-Size Few-Layer Graphene Platelets via Pulsed Discharge of Graphite Strips

et al. 2019

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The synthesis of large-size graphene materials is still a central focus of research into additional potential applications in various areas. In this study, large-size graphene platelets were successfully produced by pulsed discharge of loose graphite strips with a dimension of 2 mm × 0.5 mm × 80 mm in distilled water. The graphite strips were made by pressing and cutting well-oriented expanded graphite paper. The recovered samples were characterized by various techniques, including TEM, SEM, optical microscopy (OM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Highly crystalline graphene platelets with a lateral dimension of 100–200 μm were identified. The high yield of recovered graphene platelets is in a range of 90–95%. The results also indicate that increasing charging voltage improves the yield of graphene platelets and decreases the number of graphitic layers in produced graphene platelets. The formation mechanism of graphene platelets was discussed. This study provides a one-step cost-effective route to prepare highly crystalline graphene platelets with a sub-millimeter lateral size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Efficiency Production of Large-Size Few-Layer Graphene Platelets via Pulsed Discharge of Graphite Strips

et al. 2019

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“…According to the TEM observation, crystallized Cu nanoparticles were obtained in this method. the natural structure of titanium nitride found in meteorites [47][48][49], was identified in all experimental conditions. According to the XRD patterns, Ti metallic peaks did not appear after the discharge, which indicated that Ti reacted with nitrogen and produced TiN.…”

Section: Fe-tem Observation Ti 5 a And Ti 30 Amentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The presence of TiN (Osbornite, syn, JCPDS PDF card, file no. 00-038-1420, 2θ = 36.66°, 42.60°, 61.81°, 74.07°, 77.96°), which is known as osbornite, the natural structure of titanium nitride found in meteorites [ 47 , 48 , 49 ], was identified in all experimental conditions. According to the XRD patterns, Ti metallic peaks did not appear after the discharge, which indicated that Ti reacted with nitrogen and produced TiN.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Preparation of Metal Nitride Particles Using Arc Discharge in Liquid Nitrogen

2021

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A simple process to synthesize metal nitride particles was proposed using submerged arc discharge plasma in liquid nitrogen. Gibbs standard free energy was considered for the selection of the nitride-forming materials. In this study, titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al) electrodes were used as raw materials for nitride particle preparation. Liquid nitrogen acted as a dielectric medium as well as a nitridation source in this process. A copper electrode was also used as a non-reactive material for comparison with the reactive Ti and Al electrodes. As the operating conditions of the experiments, the arc discharge current was varied from 5 A (low-power mode) to 30 A (high-power mode). The formation of titanium nitride (TiN) and aluminum nitride (AlN) was confirmed in the particles prepared in all experimental conditions by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The observation using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and a field emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM) indicated that the synthesized TiN particles showed a cubic morphology, whereas AlN particles containing unreacted Al showed a spherical morphology. The experiments using different metal electrode configurations showed that the anode generated most of the particles in this process. Based on the obtained results, a particle formation mechanism was proposed.

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“…Many studies on PWD have been conducted by varying the elements of the wire, the explosion environment of the wire, and the combination of wires. This technology exhibits high universality in various synthetic studies, including high-quality metal nanoparticles [ 16 , 22 , 23 ], oxides [ 24 , 25 ], carbides [ 26 ], nitrides [ 27 ], and alloy nanoparticles [ 28 ]. In these studies, a solid wire was used as the electrical resistive element as a rule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Formation through Pulsed Wire Discharge of Graphite Strips in Water: Exfoliation Mechanism

et al. 2021

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This study aims to clarify the mechanism of exfoliation of graphene through electrical pulsed wire discharge (PWD) of a graphite strip, made by the compression of inexpensive expanded graphite in water. The explosion of the graphite strip was visualized using a high-speed video camera. During the energized heating of the sample, explosions, accompanied by shock waves due to expansion of gas inside the sample, occurred at various locations of the sample, and the sample started to expand rapidly. The exfoliated graphene was observed as a region with low light transmittance. The PWD phenomenon of graphite strips, a type of porous material, is reasonably explained by the change in electrical resistivity of the sample during discharge and the light emission due to energy transition of the excited gas.

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Synthesis of TiN powders through electrical wire explosion in liquid nitrogen

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

High-Efficiency Production of Large-Size Few-Layer Graphene Platelets via Pulsed Discharge of Graphite Strips

High-Efficiency Production of Large-Size Few-Layer Graphene Platelets via Pulsed Discharge of Graphite Strips

Preparation of Metal Nitride Particles Using Arc Discharge in Liquid Nitrogen

Graphene Formation through Pulsed Wire Discharge of Graphite Strips in Water: Exfoliation Mechanism

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