Synthesis of volatile inorganic hydrides by electrochemical method

Турыгин, В. В.; Томилов, А. П.; Berezkin, M. Yu.; Федоров, В. А.

doi:10.1134/s0020168510130042

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…No guidelines or standards exist for volatile As with the exception of the toxic AsH 3 which is used in the semi-conductor industry 25 and is a by-product of some base metal rening processes. 26 Therefore, an occupational exposure limit has been set aer toxicity tests.…”

Section: The Volatile As Toxicity Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arsine (AsH 3 ) is currently widely used in the industry to form crystals of A III B V semiconductor compounds by way of chemical vapour deposition. 25 AsH 3 reacts with trimethylgallium (TMGa) to form methane (CH 4 ) and gallium arsenide (GaAs), a compound used in the manufacture of microwave integrated circuits as well as infrared and laser diodes. 114,115 Unlike the previous examples, volatile As used in the semiconductor industry is not of biological origin but rather chemically synthesized.…”

Section: Industrially Produced Volatile Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biovolatilisation: a poorly studied pathway of the arsenic biogeochemical cycle

Mestrot

Planer-Friedrich

Feldmann

2013

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been known for over a hundred years that microorganisms can produce volatile arsenic (As) species, termed "arsines". However, this topic has received relatively little attention compared to As behaviour in soils and biotransformation through the trophic level in the marine and terrestrial environment. We believe this is due to long-standing misconceptions regarding volatile As stability and transport as well as an absence, until recently, of appropriate sampling methods. First and foremost, an attempt is made to unify arsines' designations, notations and formulas, taking into account all the different terms used in the literature. Then, the stability of As volatile species is discussed and new analytical developments are explored. Further, the special cases of diffuse low-level emissions (e.g. soil and sediment biovolatilisation), and point sources with high-level emissions (geothermal environments, landfills, and natural gas) are comprehensively reviewed. In each case, future possible areas of research and unknown mechanisms are identified and their importance towards the global As biogeochemical cycle is explored. This review gathers new information regarding mechanisms, stability, transport and sampling of the very elusive arsines and shows that more research should be conducted on this important process.

show abstract

Section: The Volatile As Toxicity Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Industrially Produced Volatile Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biovolatilisation: a poorly studied pathway of the arsenic biogeochemical cycle

Mestrot

Planer-Friedrich

Feldmann

2013

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The use of a turbulent flow of white phosphorus emulsion as the catholyte in a vertical electrolyser allows the efficiency of PH 3 electroproduction to be improved, concluding the main role of the surface in the overall electrochemical process 49. The complete details about the electrochemical process of PH 3 and the formation of some other phosphorus hydrides from white phosphorus can be found in a recent review published by authors of the experimental work 50…”

Section: Electrode Reactions Of Elemental (White) Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode Reactions of Elemental (White) Phosphorus and Phosphane PH₃

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electrochemical methods have become important from the viewpoint of the development and creation of new ecologically safe and resource‐saving chemical processes. The use of electrons as a “universal” and “inexhaustible” reagent for chemical reactions is the main advantage of electrochemical tools. Although electrochemical processes have been already successfully applied in the preparation of different classes of practically important chemical compounds, a very limited number of industrially applicable electrochemical processes that involve elemental (white) phosphorus is currently known, except for some examples of the electrochemical production of phosphane PH3. These are mainly associated with the investigation of bulk reactions of the electrochemically activated P4 molecule and phosphorus intermediates derived therefrom; very limited attention has been paid to the electrode surface reactions as a key stage of the electrochemical process. In this Microreview we describe the electrode reactions of elemental (white) phosphorus and phosphane that accompany the electrochemical process of the preparation of some phosphorus compounds starting directly from P4. The important role of the nature of the electrode material, the reactivity of the formed phosphorus intermediates and the surface processes are discussed. Moreover, recently, we succeeded in discovering a new, previously unstable phosphorus compound, phosphane oxide H3PO, which can be easily produced using an electrochemical method by mild anodic oxidation of phosphane PH3 electrochemically formed from P4. In this respect, some attention has been paid to the electrochemically induced processes of PH3 oxidation that result in the selective formation of phosphane oxide, which is of high interest from the viewpoint of the investigation of its properties and reactivity.

show abstract

“…Although the generation of Ge hydrides electrochemically has been studied previously, the prevailing sense is this type of hydrogenation is slow and never proceeds with high faradaic efficiency at metal electrodes. 29 The rate of Ge hydride formation at Hg has not been previously reported. A separate possibility is that Ge 0 is produced at the Hg interface but then desorbs (oxidatively) into solution faster than the rate of dissolution into Hg.…”

Section: D504mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For example, dissolved GeO 2 could get hydrogenated to form a hydride (e.g. GeH 4 ) 29 with transient stability in solution. Such a parallel redox process would naturally lower the faradaic efficiency for crystalline Ge formation.…”

Section: D504mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Liquid-Liquid-Solid Deposition of Ge at Hg Microdroplet Ultramicroelectrodes

Zhang¹,

Fahrenkrug²,

Maldonado³

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Individual Hg microdroplet electrodes were used to perform Ge electrochemical liquid-liquid-solid (ec-LLS) crystal growth in aqueous solutions containing dissolved GeO2. The Hg microdroplets were prepared by electrodeposition of Hg onto pre-existing Pt ultramicroelectrodes (r < 10 μm). These Hg microdroplet ultramicroelectrode platforms were then used for analyses of Ge ec-LLS by both voltammetry and amperometry. Voltammetric responses indicated that Ge was neither immediately nor quantitatively dissolved into Hg upon electroreduction of aqueous solutions of GeO2. Separately, chronoamperometry performed at large overpotentials for reduction of dissolved GeO2 yielded crystalline Ge but with notable differences as compared to ec-LLS at a bulk Hg pool electrode. One set of experiments featured the surface of the Hg microdroplets possessing a complete Ge shell. The data suggested this shell formed within the first 1000 s and essentially passivated the electrode against further heterogeneous GeO2 reduction but allowed limited H+ reduction. The other set of experiments exhibited a similar shell but with fissures or cracks that exposed fresh Hg to the electrolyte and allowed Ge electrodeposition to persist much longer. In these experiments, hollow, spiral crystalline Ge tubes were extruded from the interior of the Hg microdroplets.

show abstract

Synthesis of volatile inorganic hydrides by electrochemical method

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Biovolatilisation: a poorly studied pathway of the arsenic biogeochemical cycle

Biovolatilisation: a poorly studied pathway of the arsenic biogeochemical cycle

Electrode Reactions of Elemental (White) Phosphorus and Phosphane PH₃

Electrochemical Liquid-Liquid-Solid Deposition of Ge at Hg Microdroplet Ultramicroelectrodes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Synthesis of volatile inorganic hydrides by electrochemical method

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Biovolatilisation: a poorly studied pathway of the arsenic biogeochemical cycle

Biovolatilisation: a poorly studied pathway of the arsenic biogeochemical cycle

Electrode Reactions of Elemental (White) Phosphorus and Phosphane PH3

Electrochemical Liquid-Liquid-Solid Deposition of Ge at Hg Microdroplet Ultramicroelectrodes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Electrode Reactions of Elemental (White) Phosphorus and Phosphane PH₃