Synthesis of Waste Cooking Oil-Based Polyol Using Sugarcane Bagasse Activated Carbon and Transesterification Reaction for Rigid Polyurethane Foam

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the potential of waste cooking oil (WCO) in preparation of rigid polyurethane (PU) foam. The raw WCO was first filtered and adsorbed by using sugarcane bagasse activated carbon in order to purify the oil. Next, the adsorbed WCO was used to synthesize polyol via transesterification reaction. The WCO-based polyol was then combined with other chemicals at various ratios to form PU rigid foam. The adsorbed WCO showed the decrease in both free fatty acid percentage and viscosity, from 4.3 % to 0.77 % and from 106 mPa.s to 72.5 mPa.s, respectively. No alteration of functional group observed after adsorption as proven by FTIR spectroscopy. The FTIR spectrum of WCO-based polyol showed the formation of OH absorption peak and supported by the increase in hydroxyl value from 0 to 148.79 mgKOH/g after reaction. The formation of urethane linkages (NHCO) backbone in PU foam was confirmed using FTIR. The properties of PU foam are highly dependent on the chemical composition. The density and compressive strength of 60:54:90:40 of glycerol:water:polyol:amine polyurethane foam are 277.7 kg/m3 and 0.10 MPa, respectively. This study showed that WCO exhibit promising potential as raw material for PU formation.

The influence of vegetable-oil based polyols on physico-mechanical and thermal properties of polyurethane foams.

“…The study shows that waste cooking oils can be used in production of rigid PU foams with obtaining a satisfactory properties. The similarities in organic structure of waste cooking oil to vegetables oil make it a perfect starting material [11].…”

Waste to Resource: Synthesis of Polyurethanes from Waste Cooking Oil

“…Vegetable oils have been an enticing substitute due to the presence of unsaturated and hydroxyl groups that can be either converted or directly used in the synthesis of PU. , In addition, vegetable oils are renewable and are of different kinds to be explored. Irrespective of that, the direct use of these virgin oils poses a stumbling block concerning competition in the food supply consumption of edible oils and with their relatively higher cost of production. , Hence, waste cooking oil (WCO) is a cheap derivative of virgin oils, which is sought after . It is considered domestic waste that poses a threat to the environment when it is unsafely disposed of. , In this sense, huge amounts of WCO are produced annually with the largest producer, China, generating about 500 million tons on average .…”

“…An epoxidation reaction followed by ring opening is used in the conversion of WCO to a WCO-polyol. This synthetic route is the same as that used by other researchers for unused vegetable oil which makes it a reproducible process for both virgin and WCOs . Other reported works that investigated WCO utilized adsorbents and several purification steps before using the WCO. , However, this work probes WCO generated from the one-time frying of fresh fish in corn oil with filtration as the only purification step.…”

“…This synthetic route is the same as that used by other researchers for unused vegetable oil which makes it a reproducible process for both virgin and WCOs . Other reported works that investigated WCO utilized adsorbents and several purification steps before using the WCO. , However, this work probes WCO generated from the one-time frying of fresh fish in corn oil with filtration as the only purification step. It deems important to address that incorporating WCO as a raw material to produce valued-added PU with competitive properties can provide a sustainable way to consume a potential hazard for the environment.…”

Synthesis of Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG)-Based Polyurethane and Effect of Chain Extender on Its Associated Properties

“…As chain extenders, two major groups are used: aromatic diols or di-amines and their equivalent aliphatic diols or di-amines [ 30 ]. A chain extender may lengthen the hard domain, resulting in improved mechanical characteristics, for example, an increased modulus and glass transition temperature for the hard segment of polyurethane [ 31 , 32 ]. Numerous publications examined the impact of different chain extenders on PU characteristics.…”