Synthesis of Zn/Al-ZnO Composite Using Zn/Al-Layered Double Hydroxide for Oxidative Desulfurization of 4-Methyldibenzothiophene

Abstract

Zn/Al-ZnO composites made from Zn/Al-Layered Double Hydroxide base material and ZnO as a precursor were successfully made in this study. Characterization analysis using SEM-EDS, XRD, and FTIR. The SEM analysis results show the Zn/Al-LDH has a smooth surface, overlapping, and is prone to aggregation, resulting in non-uniform particle size. However, it forms a uniform grain shape. Zn/Al-ZnO have rough surfaces with uniform particle shape and size, and the presence of pores on the particle surface. EDS analysis shows the Zn element which is more abundant in Zn/Al-ZnO. XRD analysis of Zn/Al-LDH showed the hydrotalcite. XRD analysis on ZnO showed the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. Zn/Al-ZnO composites at an angle of 2θ show the same peak of the base material and the precursor. FTIR analysis of the composite revealed the presence of O-H groups at wave numbers 3445 cm−1, 1633 cm−1, and 1504 cm−1, indicating the presence of nitrate. Additionally, vibrations at wave numbers 1382 cm−1 corresponded to antisymmetric (v3) stretching of nitrate, while wave numbers 418 cm−1 and 606 cm−1 indicated metal-oxygen stretching vibrations. Of all the factors used in the desulfurization of 4-methyldibenzothiophene, Zn/Al-ZnO composites had the highest %conversion rate of both the base material and the precursor. The %conversion values of Zn/Al-ZnO at the time of contact were 99.40%, catalyst dosage 99.38%, solvent 99.10%, and temperature 99.56%, respectively. The catalyst is heterogeneous and reusable for the desulfurization of 4-methyldibenzothiophene.

Selective Removal of Anionic and Cationic Dyes Using Magnetic Composites

“…The precipitate was then dried in an oven. Subjected to analysis using techniques including XRD and FTIR spectrophotometer (Mohadi et al, 2023;.…”

“…The resulting mixture was then slowly added 7 mL of NH3 solution and stirred at 75°C for 30 min, giving compound B. It was added to solution A and stirred for 30 min and heated at 150 °C for 72 h. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with distilled water, and dried in an oven at 100 °C for 24 h. The dried Zn-Al/magnetite biochar composite was crushed and then subjected to XRD and FTIR spectrophotometer (Ahmad et al, 2022;Mohadi et al, 2023).…”

Recycle Performance of Heterogeneous Catalyst Metal Oxides-Based Layered Double Hydroxide for Oxidative Desulfurization Process of 4-methyldibenzothiophene

“…The metal hydroxide layers in LDH have an interesting structure that is similar to that of brucite. The features of the LDH, such as layer spacing, active site, and surface charge, can be simply adjusted by modification with other materials [23,24].…”