Synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite from coal fly ash and rice husk: characterization and application for partial oxidation of methane to methanol

Zeolite ZSM‐5 synthesized from natural silica sources and its applications: a critical review

“…The as‐synthesized ZSM‐5 was then characterized using fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive x‐ray (SEM‐EDX), and brunauer–emmett–teller (BET). Catalytic tests of the partial oxidation of MTM showed that, while the catalytic activity of ZSM‐5 was still lower (7.08% conversion of methane) than the pre‐analysis sources (28.33%) and the commercial ones (9.92%), the ZSM‐5 still possessed great potential to be utilized as catalyst in partial MTM 138 …”

“…For instance, Krisnandi et al . employed Indonesian fly ash (SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 = 3.59) to synthesize mesoporous ZSM‐5 in 2017 138 . Before being employed, the coal fly ash was pre‐treated to extract silicates (SiO 4 4− ) and aluminates (AlO 4 5− ) and to remove impurities.…”

“…Studies on the catalytic performance of ZSM‐5 synthesized from rice husk ash began in 2016–2017. ZSM‐5 was employed in the catalytic cracking of light naphtha, 127 the oxidation of MTM, 138 and the photocatalytic degradation of p ‐nitrophenol 153 . The development of environmentally friendly and sustainable synthesis techniques for ZSM‐5 has received a lot of attention, as the use of solvents in the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites is a crucial impediment to the implementation of green and sustainable synthesis methods.…”

“…Catalytic tests of the partial oxidation of MTM showed that, while the catalytic activity of ZSM-5 was still lower (7.08% conversion of methane) than the pre-analysis sources (28.33%) and the commercial ones (9.92%), the ZSM-5 still possessed great potential to be utilized as catalyst in partial MTM. 138 Two studies by Missengue et al in 2017 and 2018 used South African coal fly ash to extract metals (Al and Fe) with the aid of concentrated sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and using the solid residue as a feedstock for the synthesis of ZSM-5. 139,140 ZSM-5, which was successfully synthesized without the need for extra silica or alumina, 140 was used as a catalyst for MTO.…”

Synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite from fly ash and its adsorption of phenol, quinoline and indole in aqueous solution

“…In addition, the synthetic zeolite from FA was widely used to treat gaseous pollutants such as sulfur dioxide [18], nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide, and carbon monoxide [19]. At present, there are many reports about the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite from FA [20][21][22][23][24]. ZSM-5 has high Si/Al ratio and is hydrophobic, and it has good affinity for organic compounds in wastewater.…”