Synthesis, Purification, and Characterization of Carbon Dots from Non-Activated and Activated Pyrolytic Carbon Black

González-González, Reyna Berenice; González, Lucy T.; Madou, Marc; Leyva‐Porras, César; Martínez-Chapa, Sergio O.; Mendoza, Alberto

doi:10.3390/nano12030298

Cited by 77 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Recently, CNDs have been synthesized using a combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches, pyrolyzing in the first instance the organic precursors, converting them into carbon-based materials, followed by chemical oxidation treatment, to break down the bulk carbon into small particles with oxygenated functional groups. , This combined approach presents several advantages compared to other methods: it can be applied to a broad range of carbon-rich precursors, it allows large-scale production, and it permits achievement of high purity and product yield . Furthermore, it reduces the processing time and required post-treatments compared with other methods such as hydrothermal …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity of Synthesized Carbon Nanodots from d-Glucose

Sawalha

Assali

Raddad

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Carbon nanodots, a class of carbon nano-allotropes, have been synthesized through different routes and methods from a wide range of precursors. The selected precursor, synthetic method, and conditions can strongly alter the physicochemical properties of the resulting material and their intended applications. Herein, carbon nanodots (CNDs) have been synthesized from d-glucose by combining pyrolysis and chemical oxidation methods. The effect of the pyrolysis temperature, equivalents of oxidizing agent, and refluxing time were studied on the product and quantum yield. In the optimum conditions (pyrolysis temperature of 300 °C, 4.41 equiv of H2O2, 90 min of reflux) CNDs were obtained with 40% and 3.6% of product and quantum yields, respectively. The obtained CNDs are negatively charged (ζ-potential = −32 mV), excellently dispersed in water, with average diameter of 2.2 nm. Furthermore, ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) was introduced as dehydrating and/or passivation agent during CNDs synthesis resulting in significant improvement of both product and quantum yields of about 1.5 and 3.76-fold, respectively. The synthesized CNDs showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities toward different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains. Both synthesized CNDs caused highly colony forming unit reduction (CFU), ranging from 98% to 99.99% for most of the tested bacterial strains. However, CNDs synthesized in the absence of NH4OH, due to a negatively charged surface enriched in oxygenated groups, performed better in zone inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration. The elevated antibacterial activity of high-oxygen-containing carbon nanodots is directly correlated to their ROS formation ability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity of Synthesized Carbon Nanodots from d-Glucose

Sawalha

Assali

Raddad

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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“…The behavior of the samples can be explained by the molecular interactions between the polymer chains and the gCDs present in the dispersion: in the neat CAS–HMP matrix, the random orientation of casein and pectin chains is rapidly aligned in the direction of the flow as the shear rate increases, resulting in poor interactions among the chains and lower viscosity values at higher shear rates. However, the addition of gCDs to the medium can promote the formation of agglomerates due to the morphology of the nanoparticles [ 19 ] and/or to the solvent in which the compounds are suspended [ 20 ], leading to an increase in the viscosity of the sample. Similar results were observed by Mohd et al in polyacrylamide suspensions enriched with nanoparticles [ 21 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Methoxyl Pectin and Sodium Caseinate Film Matrix Reinforced with Green Carbon Quantum Dots: Rheological and Mechanical Studies

et al. 2022

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Nowadays, proteins and polysaccharides play a fundamental role in the manufacturing of biocompatible materials applied in food packaging. The resulting films have, however, limits associated with the resistance to mechanical stress; therefore, it is important to reinforce the initial mixture with additives that promote the development of stronger molecular links. Carbon dots (CDs) are excellent candidates for this purpose due to the presence of surface functional groups that determine the formation of numerous intramolecular bonds between the charged biopolymers. The present research aims to evaluate the effect of CDs on the mechanical properties of biopolymer films obtained from sodium caseinate (CAS), high methoxyl pectin (HMP) and glycerol used as plasticizers. Green carbon dots (gCDs) were obtained from natural organic sources by green synthesis. The effects of gCDs on the flow behavior and viscoelastic properties of mixed biopolymer dispersions and the thermophysical properties of the corresponded films were evaluated by steady and unsteady shear rheological measurements and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests, respectively. The dynamic mechanical measurements were realized taking into account the parameters of temperature and relative humidity. The results indicate a significant change in the viscosity of the protein–polysaccharide dispersions and the thermomechanical properties of the corresponding film samples reinforced with higher amounts of gCDs.

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“…Chen et al [ 60 ] reported that there was no standard for the dialysis time or the selection of the molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of the dialysis membrane. González-González et al [ 61 ] performed the purification of CDs via the ultrafiltration and dialysis processes by using the Spectra-Por ® Float-A-Lyzer ® G2 with a membrane of 3.5–5 kDa. A Dionex ICS-1600 Ion Chromatography System was used after the dialysis process to ensure the complete purification of CDs.…”

Section: Preparation and Modification Of Cdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Synthesis, Modification, Characterization, and Applications of Carbon Dots

Pundi

Chang

2022

Polymers

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Although there is significant progress in the research of carbon dots (CDs), some challenges such as difficulty in large-scale synthesis, complicated purification, low quantum yield, ambiguity in structure-property correlation, electronic structures, and photophysics are still major obstacles that hinder the commercial use of CDs. Recent advances in synthesis, modification, characterization, and applications of CDs are summarized in this review. We illustrate some examples to correlate process parameters, structures, compositions, properties, and performances of CDs-based materials. The advances in the synthesis approach, purification methods, and modification/doping methods for the synthesis of CDs are also presented. Moreover, some examples of the kilogram-scale fabrication of CDs are given. The properties and performance of CDs can be tuned by some synthesis parameters, such as the incubation time and precursor ratio, the laser pulse width, and the average molar mass of the polymeric precursor. Surface passivation also has a significant influence on the particle sizes of CDs. Moreover, some factors affect the properties and performance of CDs, such as the polarity-sensitive fluorescence effect and concentration-dependent multicolor luminescence, together with the size and surface states of CDs. The synchrotron near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) test has been proved to be a useful tool to explore the correlation among structural features, photophysics, and emission performance of CDs. Recent advances of CDs in bioimaging, sensing, therapy, energy, fertilizer, separation, security authentication, food packing, flame retardant, and co-catalyst for environmental remediation applications were reviewed in this article. Furthermore, the roles of CDs, doped CDs, and their composites in these applications were also demonstrated.

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Synthesis, Purification, and Characterization of Carbon Dots from Non-Activated and Activated Pyrolytic Carbon Black

Cited by 77 publications

References 95 publications

Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity of Synthesized Carbon Nanodots from d-Glucose

Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity of Synthesized Carbon Nanodots from d-Glucose

High Methoxyl Pectin and Sodium Caseinate Film Matrix Reinforced with Green Carbon Quantum Dots: Rheological and Mechanical Studies

Recent Advances in Synthesis, Modification, Characterization, and Applications of Carbon Dots

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