The aqueous reaction of barium carbonate with 2-nitrobenzoic acid (2-nbaH) results in the formation of a one-dimensional coordination polymer, catena-poly [[hexa(aqua)On heating at 100°C compound 1 is dehydrated to anhydrous barium bis(2-nitrobenzoate) 2. The anhydrous compound can be re-hydrated to 1 on exposure to water vapour. Compounds 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-Vis spectra, DSC thermograms, weight loss studies and the structure of 1 was determined. 1 and 2 can be thermally decomposed to BaCO 3 by heating at 800°C. The polymer [[Ba(H 2 crystallizes in the centrosymmetric triclinic space group Pī and all atoms are located in general positions. The polymeric structure is based on a dimeric unit and consists of three water molecules coordinated to a central Ba(II) and two unique 2-nitrobenzoate (2-nba) anions, one of which (μ 2 -2-nba-O,O,O-NO 2 ) functions as a tridentate ligand and is linked to a Ba(II) through the oxygen atom of the -NO 2 group and forms a monoatomic μ 2 -carboxylate bridge between two symmetry related Ba(II) ions with a Ba⋅⋅⋅Ba distance of 4⋅5726(14) Å. The second unique 2-nba anion (μ 2 -2-nba-O,O,O′) also functions as a tridentate ligand with the carboxylate oxygen atoms linked to a Ba(II) ion in a bidentate fashion and one of the carboxylate oxygen atoms forming a monoatomic bridge between two symmetry related Ba(II) ions resulting in a Ba⋅⋅⋅Ba separation of 4⋅5406(15) Å. These differing tridentate 2-nba ligands link {Ba(H 2 O) 3 } units into a one-dimensional polymeric chain extending along b axis. In the infinite chain each nine coordinated Ba(II) is bonded to three water molecules and further linked to six oxygen atoms of four different 2-nitrobenzoate anions with alternating pairs of Ba(II) ions in the chain bridged by a pair of (μ 2 -2-nba-O,O,O-NO 2 ) and (μ 2 -2-nba-O,O,O′) ligands resulting in alternating Ba⋅⋅⋅Ba distances of 4⋅5406(15) and 4⋅5726(14) Å across the chain.