“…The FE current–voltage characteristics were further analyzed using the F–N equation J = false( normalA normalβ 2 E 2 / normalφ false) .25em exp false( − B normalφ 3 / 2 / normalβ E false) or ln false( normalJ / normalE 2 false) = ln false( normalA normalβ 2 / normalφ false) − B normalφ 3 / 2 / normalβ E where A = 1.54 × 10 –6 A eV V –2 , B = 6.83 × 10 3 eV –3/2 V μm –1 , J is current density, E is the applied electric field, β is the field-enhancement factor, and φ is the work function of the emitting material, which is 5.22 eV for CdSe . The F–N plot of (ln( J / E 2 )) versus (1/ E ) shows a linear relationship, indicating that the FE behavior obeys the F–N theory, i.e.…”