Oligo‐ and poly(ferrocenylene alkylene)s, [Fe(C5H5‐x)(C5H5‐y)CHR]n (x = y = 1 or x = 2, y = 0; R = alkyl, aryl), were synthesized by Lewis acid‐promoted addition‐condensation polymerization of ferrocene with aldehydes. The reaction of alkyl aldehydes, such as n‐hept‐CHO, EtCHO and nBuCHO, with ferrocene yields a mixture of the cyclic and linear poly(ferrocenylene alkylene)s, while aryl aldehyde, such as C6F5CHO, CF3C6H4‐4‐CHO and MeC6H4‐4‐CHO, forms the linear polymers exclusively. The linear polymer has terminal Fe(C5H4)(C5H5) and CH2Aryl groups, which are characterized by high resolution mass spectroscopy. Results of addition‐condensation polymerization of ferrocenemethanol catalyzed by BF3 indicate that the propagating polymer of the above addition‐condensation polymerization contains terminal 1‐hydroxyalkyl‐ferrocenylene group, Fe(C5H4)[C5H4{CH(OH)R}]. The trimer prepared from ferrocene and paraformaldehyde dimethylacetal contains 1,1′‐, 1,2‐, and 1,3‐ferrocenylene units, suggesting that the polymers obtained from alkyl and aryl aldehydes are also composed of these structural units. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3627–3635