Synthesis, Surface and Antimicrobial Activities of Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Semi‐Rigid Spacers

Zhu, Hailin; Hu, Zhiyong; Ma, Xinbin; Wang, Jianlong; Cao, Duanlin

doi:10.1007/s11743-015-1777-4

Cited by 30 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the synthesized Gemini surfactants was determined using the 96‐well titre method with BKC taken as control as shown in Table 4. The synthesized surfactants showed sufficient anti‐bacterial activity since the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the synthesized surfactants against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria were found to be comparable to that of other reported cationic Gemini surfactants and benzalkonium chloride, which is a well‐known anti‐bacterial agent (Shaban et al, 2016; Tatsumi et al, 2014; Zhong et al, 2014; Zhu et al, 2016). The MIC of 12‐6‐12 GS was found to be lowest amongst the synthesized surfactants against E. coli (Gram‐negative) whereas, the MIC of 12‐3‐12 GS was found to be lowest in the case of B. subtilis (Gram‐positive).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Synthesis and application of novel Gemini esterquats in fabric softeners: Role of spacer chain length on surfactant properties

Paranjpe,

Sanap,

Madankar

et al. 2024

J Surfact & Detergents

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gemini surfactants are dimeric molecules having two monomeric units connected by a spacer. Gemini surfactants, owing to their molecular structure have better surfactant properties than other monomeric surfactants. Esterquat class gemini surfactants can be synthesized using a spacer containing ester linkages. In the current study, the synthesis of novel esterquat gemini surfactants was carried out with spacers of varying chain lengths and was characterized using sophisticated instrumental methods. Various surfactant properties including foaming, emulsification, CMC, surface excess, antimicrobial activity and wetting potential using contact angle were analyzed and compared with benzalkonium chloride. It was observed that the CMC as low as 24.79 × 10−3 mM of the synthesized surfactants is potentially lower than that of conventional monomeric surfactants and was found to increase with an increase in spacer chain length. Further, the applicability and evaluation of performance properties of the synthesized surfactants were studied in fabric softener formulation. The water absorbency and whiteness retention of the formulation prepared using 12‐6‐12 GS was the highest due to its better wettability amongst other synthesized surfactants owing to its higher spacer chain length. To summarize, the surface and anti‐microbial properties of the synthesized surfactants vary greatly with the alteration in spacer chain length.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Synthesis and application of novel Gemini esterquats in fabric softeners: Role of spacer chain length on surfactant properties

Paranjpe,

Sanap,

Madankar

et al. 2024

J Surfact & Detergents

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Antimicrobial activity of geminis with hydrophilic spacers modified by ester groups [148,[153][154][155], ether groups [156], amide groups [157,158], amine group [145], phosphoryl group [159] and their antimicrobial has been frequently studied. It is important to note that there is no simple relationship between different types of hydrophilic groups in the spacer and antimicrobial activity of gemini surfactants.…”

Section: Biological Activity 61 Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Gemini Surfactants: Structure, Synthesis, Properties and Applications

Brycki¹,

Kowalczyk²,

Szulc³

et al. 2017

Application and Characterization of Surfactants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gemini cationic surfactants are compounds which are composed of two hydrophilic head groups and two hydrophobic tails linked by a spacer at the head groups or closed to them. The spacer can be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic. It can be rigid or flexible. The neutral charge of the molecule is retained by the presence of organic or inorganic counterions. Critical micelle concentrations (CMCs), surface tension (γ) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) are dozen times lower than corresponding parameters of monomeric surfactants. The unique properties of gemini surfactants with a wide range of hydrophiliclipophilic balance (HLB) make them a very useful, innovative material in detergents, cosmetics, personal care products, additives for paints and coatings, biocides, material science, organic synthesis, pharmacy, textiles, enhanced oil recovery, nanotechnology, petroleum and many other branches of life. A large number of papers concerning gemini surfactants have been published so far. This review presents a synthetic look at current work devoted to structure, synthesis and applications of gemini surfactants.

show abstract

“…The main factor determining the antimicrobial activity of gemini surfactants is chemical structure. There are many research studies describing the change of MIC depending on chain length [ 27 , 104 , 108 , 109 , 110 ], functionalization of substituent [ 75 , 111 ], number of methylene groups in spacer [ 26 , 67 , 112 , 113 , 114 ], nature of spacer [ 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 ], and kind of counter ion [ 31 , 120 ]. The antimicrobial activities of obtained gemini surfactants were determined and listed in Table 4 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Gemini Surfactants with Ether Group in the Spacer Part

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to their large possibility of the structure modification, alkylammonium gemini surfactants are a rapidly growing class of compounds. They exhibit significant surface, aggregation and antimicrobial properties. Due to the fact that, in order to achieve the desired utility effect, the minimal concentration of compounds are used, they are in line with the principle of greenolution (green evolution) in chemistry. In this study, we present innovative synthesis of the homologous series of gemini surfactants modified at the spacer by the ether group, i.e., 3-oxa-1,5-pentane-bis(N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylammonium bromides). The critical micelle concentrations were determined. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the synthesized compounds were determined against bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538; yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231; and molds Aspergillus niger ATCC 16401 and Penicillium chrysogenum ATCC 60739. We also investigated the relationship between antimicrobial activity and alkyl chain length or the nature of the spacer. The obtained results indicate that the synthesized compounds are effective microbicides with a broad spectrum of biocidal activity.

show abstract

Synthesis, Surface and Antimicrobial Activities of Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Semi‐Rigid Spacers

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

Synthesis and application of novel Gemini esterquats in fabric softeners: Role of spacer chain length on surfactant properties

Synthesis and application of novel Gemini esterquats in fabric softeners: Role of spacer chain length on surfactant properties

Multifunctional Gemini Surfactants: Structure, Synthesis, Properties and Applications

Antimicrobial Activity of Gemini Surfactants with Ether Group in the Spacer Part

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About