2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.11.061
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Synthesis, surface/interfacial properties, and biological activity of amide-based Gemini cationic surfactants with hydroxyl in the spacer group

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Cited by 70 publications
(30 citation statements)
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“…Three quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants (GS8, GS10, and GS12) having flexible larger spacer were synthesized by treating glycolic acid ethoxylate lauryl ether (6) with 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine (5) using NaF catalyst to form intermediate (4) (Scheme 1, Figure 1). The intermediate (4) was then further reacted individually with 1,8-dibromooctane, 1,10-dibromodecane, and 1,12dibromododecane to acquired GS8, GS10, and GS12, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Three quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants (GS8, GS10, and GS12) having flexible larger spacer were synthesized by treating glycolic acid ethoxylate lauryl ether (6) with 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine (5) using NaF catalyst to form intermediate (4) (Scheme 1, Figure 1). The intermediate (4) was then further reacted individually with 1,8-dibromooctane, 1,10-dibromodecane, and 1,12dibromododecane to acquired GS8, GS10, and GS12, respectively.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The 1 H NMR spectra of GS12 (Table 1, Figure 2) showed the existence of characteristic signals at δ 0.88 ppm and δ 1.25 ppm corresponding to the CH 3 and CH 2 moieties constituting hydrophobic tail. The presence of CH 3 groups connected to the quaternary ammonium [-(CH 3 ) 2 -N-(CH 2 ) 12 -N-(CH 3 ) 2 -] was evident from a singlet peak at δ 3.27 ppm [5]. The most intense peak at δ 3.65 ppm was attributed to the presence of the ethylene oxide chain (-O-CH 2 -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -CH 2 -) [31].…”
Section: Structure Confirmationmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…12 Among the various classes of surfactants, the amido-amine type gemini cationic surfactants continue to receive the attention of researchers because of their high performance in industrial applications. 13 With proper structural design of gemini cationic surfactants, it is possible to achieve a high degree of control on their physicochemical properties. Increasing the length of the lipophilic tail effectively reduces the water solubility.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…14,15 The presence of an amide group makes the gemini cationic surfactants biodegradable and environmentally friendly. 13 It has been proven both theoretically and experimentally that the nature of the spacer plays a key role in the physicochemical behavior of gemini surfactants. [16][17][18] The spacer could be exible (methylene units), 19 rigid (double bond or triple bond, benzene ring), 20 hydrophilic (ether linkage), 21 and hydrophobic (hydrocarbon chain).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%