The useful optoelectronic properties of cationic iridium(III) complexes have been exploited in diverse applications, from visual displays to biological probes to analytical sensors. It is thus not surprising to note the increased recent efforts to document, understand, and ultimately control the photophysical and electrochemical properties of the archetypal cationic iridium(III) complex [(ppy) 2 Ir(bpy)] + , in which ppyH = 2phenylpyridine and bpy = 2,2Ј-bipyridine, and decorated versions thereof. Of the ligand architectures explored, the [a] Département 2986with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are also included within the survey. We also wish to direct the reader to other recent review articles on other facets of Ir III chemistry, property evaluation, and applications. [1] This Review commences with a historical overview of iridium(III) chemistry, an account of the properties of iridium, and a comprehensive description of the photophysical properties of [(ppy) 2 Ir(bpy)] + (1), supported by a detailed DFT study. Following this perspective, the survey is then organized by type of heterocycle. The properties of these complexes are compared and contrasted with the archetype complex 1 and fluorinated congener [(dFppy) 2 Ir(bpy)] + (2), which in this Review act as benchmarks. Finally, optoelectronic data from complexes with structurally similar ligands are collated together to elucidate more clearly the salient structure-property relationships.