Synthesized Two New Water-soluble Fluorescents Calix[4]arene 4-sulfo-1,8-naphthalimide Derivatives Inhibit Proliferation of Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells

Abstract

Synthesis of 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives and biochemical studies using them as anti-cancer and cellular imaging agents have attracted significant attention in recent years. This study aimed to synthesize two new fluorescent lower rim-functionalized 4-sulfo-1,8-naphthalimide derivatives of calix[4]arenes [4 and 7] and examination of their cytotoxic properties for cancerous cells. For this purpose, p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene bearing dihydrazide [3] or diaminopropyl [6] units on its lower rim were reacted with 4-sulfo-1,8-naphthalic anhydrate. The structure of these synthesized compounds has been characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and FT-IR techniques. To investigate the anti-cancer properties, compounds 4, 7, and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl-1,8-naphthalimide [8] were tested on the human colorectal cancer cell line (DLD-1) as well as healthy colon epithelial cell line (CCD-18Co). The IC50 values of 4 and 7 were determined as 12.95 µM and 16.13 µM, respectively, on DLD-1 cells. Furthermore, following the treatment of CCD-18Co cells with 4 and 7, the IC50 values were determined as 508 µM and 269 µM, respectively. However, it was observed that compound 8 had no cytotoxic effect on both DLD-1 cells and CCD-18Co cells. Furthermore, the fluorescence imaging of human colorectal cancer cells treated with the synthesized compounds [4, 7, and 8] was performed on living cells.