Synthetic Approaches for Nucleic Acid Delivery: Choosing the Right Carriers

Ni, Rong; Feng, Ruilu; Chau, Ying

doi:10.3390/life9030059

Cited by 56 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 178 publications

(206 reference statements)

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“…However, as nucleic acids, siRNAs are negatively charged hydrophilic compounds that cannot penetrate the cell surface, and their application is limited by some factors, such as their low transfection rates and short half-lives due to rapid enzymatic degradation [93]. To counter these problems, naked siRNA can be embellished by the biomolecule cholesterol, loaded in liposomes, or linked with polymer nanoparticles during nucleic acid treatment [94]. Furthermore, embellished siRNA can reach specific tissues because of its physicochemical characteristic.…”

Section: Nucleic Acid Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanogel: A Versatile Nano-Delivery System for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2020

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Nanogel-based nanoplatforms have become a tremendously promising system of drug delivery. Nanogels constructed by chemical crosslinking or physical self-assembly exhibit the ability to encapsulate hydrophilic or hydrophobic therapeutics, including but not limited to small-molecule compounds and proteins, DNA/RNA sequences, and even ultrasmall nanoparticles, within their 3D polymer network. The nanosized nature of the carriers endows them with a specific surface area and inner space, increasing the stability of loaded drugs and prolonging their circulation time. Reactions or the cleavage of chemical bonds in the structure of drug-loaded nanogels have been shown to trigger the controlled or sustained drug release. Through the design of specific chemical structures and different methods of production, nanogels can realize diverse responsiveness (temperature-sensitive, pH-sensitive and redox-sensitive), and enable the stimuli-responsive release of drugs in the microenvironments of various diseases. To improve therapeutic outcomes and increase the precision of therapy, nanogels can be modified by specific ligands to achieve active targeting and enhance the drug accumulation in disease sites. Moreover, the biomembrane-camouflaged nanogels exhibit additional intelligent targeted delivery features. Consequently, the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, as well as the combinational therapy strategy, result in the improved efficacy of disease treatments, though the introduction of a multifunctional nanogel-based drug delivery system.

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Section: Nucleic Acid Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanogel: A Versatile Nano-Delivery System for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2020

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“…The introduction of the hydrophobic moiety can be achieved through the following strategies. [177,178] Modifying the hydrophobic moieties on the PEI; or modifying the hydrophobic moieties on the NAs. The introduction of hydrophobic moieties provides the additional driving force, hydrophobic interaction, to the complexation, which makes the PEI/DNA complex easier to form and more stable (Figure 17).…”

Section: Pei-dna Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophobic Interaction: A Promising Driving Force for the Biomedical Applications of Nucleic Acids

et al. 2020

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The comprehensive understanding and proper use of supramolecular interactions have become critical for the development of functional materials, and so is the biomedical application of nucleic acids (NAs). Relatively rare attention has been paid to hydrophobic interaction compared with hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction of NAs. However, hydrophobic interaction shows some unique properties, such as high tunability for application interest, minimal effect on NA functionality, and sensitivity to external stimuli. Therefore, the widespread use of hydrophobic interaction has promoted the evolution of NA-based biomaterials in higher-order self-assembly, drug/gene-delivery systems, and stimuli-responsive systems. Herein, the recent progress of NA-based biomaterials whose fabrications or properties are highly determined by hydrophobic interactions is summarized. 1) The hydrophobic interaction of NA itself comes from the accumulation of base-stacking forces, by which the NAs with certain base compositions and chain lengths show properties similar to thermal-responsive polymers. 2) In conjugation with hydrophobic molecules, NA amphiphiles show interesting self-assembly structures with unique properties in many new biosensing and therapeutic strategies. 3) The working-mechanisms of some NA-based complex materials are also dependent on hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, in recent attempts, NA amphiphiles have been applied in organizing macroscopic self-assembly of DNA origami and controlling the cell-cell interactions.

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“…Notably, peptide-based transfection agents have several advantages over well-established polyplexes (cationic polymer-DNA complexes) or lipoplexes (cationic lipid-DNA complexes) including biocompatibility and easy synthesis process on a large scale. As compared to their lipid counterparts, peptides can be more stable with regard to oxidation, but especially benefit from countless tunability possibilities [98][99][100]. Peptiplex formation occurs when 90% negative charge of the DNA phosphate groups are neutralized by transition into the ordered phase [101].…”

Section: Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide-Based Nanoassemblies in Gene Therapy and Diagnosis: Paving the Way for Clinical Application

et al. 2020

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Nanotechnology approaches play an important role in developing novel and efficient carriers for biomedical applications. Peptides are particularly appealing to generate such nanocarriers because they can be rationally designed to serve as building blocks for self-assembling nanoscale structures with great potential as therapeutic or diagnostic delivery vehicles. In this review, we describe peptide-based nanoassemblies and highlight features that make them particularly attractive for the delivery of nucleic acids to host cells or improve the specificity and sensitivity of probes in diagnostic imaging. We outline the current state in the design of peptides and peptide-conjugates and the paradigms of their self-assembly into well-defined nanostructures, as well as the co-assembly of nucleic acids to form less structured nanoparticles. Various recent examples of engineered peptides and peptide-conjugates promoting self-assembly and providing the structures with wanted functionalities are presented. The advantages of peptides are not only their biocompatibility and biodegradability, but the possibility of sheer limitless combinations and modifications of amino acid residues to induce the assembly of modular, multiplexed delivery systems. Moreover, functions that nature encoded in peptides, such as their ability to target molecular recognition sites, can be emulated repeatedly in nanoassemblies. Finally, we present recent examples where self-assembled peptide-based assemblies with “smart” activity are used in vivo. Gene delivery and diagnostic imaging in mouse tumor models exemplify the great potential of peptide nanoassemblies for future clinical applications.

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Synthetic Approaches for Nucleic Acid Delivery: Choosing the Right Carriers

Cited by 56 publications

References 178 publications

Nanogel: A Versatile Nano-Delivery System for Biomedical Applications

Nanogel: A Versatile Nano-Delivery System for Biomedical Applications

Hydrophobic Interaction: A Promising Driving Force for the Biomedical Applications of Nucleic Acids

Peptide-Based Nanoassemblies in Gene Therapy and Diagnosis: Paving the Way for Clinical Application

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