Synthetic Cationic Autoantigen Mimics Glatiramer Acetate Persistence at the Site of Injection and Is Efficacious Against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Song, Jimmy Y.; Griffin, J. Daniel; Larson, Nicholas R.; Christopher, Matthew A.; Middaugh, C. Russell; Berkland, Cory

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.603029

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In our work, we aimed to establish a novel approach for the precise determination of GA and its amino acids: l-alanine, l-lysine, l-tyrosine, and l-glutamic acid. The isoelectric point (pI) of GA was estimated to be 10 [22], while the pIs of the amino acids are as follows: l-glutamic acid 3.22, l-tyrosine 5.66, l-alanine 6.01, and l-lysine 9.74 [3]. After conducting preliminary tests in the pH range of 2-10, it was found that the use of an acidic buffer is advantageous for the following analysis.…”

Section: Methods Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary zone electrophoresis method for quantification of therapeutic peptide glatiramer acetate

Niaei,

Vališ,

Petr

2024

Monatsh Chem

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This study presents the development and validation of a novel capillary zone electrophoresis method for the precise determination of glatiramer acetate and its amino acid constituents. A 120 mmol dm−3 phosphoric acid solution adjusted to pH 1.9 with Tris, supplemented with 20 mmol dm−3 triethylamine to achieve a final of pH 2.1, resulted in a repeatable analysis of glatiramer acetate. The method demonstrated a limit of detection and quantification of 39.2 µg cm−3 and 130.7 µg cm−3, respectively. This method allows for the rapid control of glatiramer acetate-based pharmaceuticals and distinguishes glatiramer acetate from the amino acids used in its synthesis. Graphical abstract

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Section: Methods Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary zone electrophoresis method for quantification of therapeutic peptide glatiramer acetate

Niaei,

Vališ,

Petr

2024

Monatsh Chem

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“…[103] Various preclinical studies using biomaterials focus on S.C. delivery. [99][100][101][102][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120] These therapies combine antigen with immunomodulatory cues (i.e., cytokines, toll-like receptor antagonists, immunosuppressants, etc.) through loading or coupling with NPs and MPs to enable combinatory presentation to relevant immune cells.…”

Section: Polymeric Biomaterials Delivered Subcutaneously Take Advanta...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery Route Considerations for Designing Antigen‐Specific Biomaterial Strategies to Combat Autoimmunity

Ackun-Farmmer

Jewell

2023

Advanced NanoBiomed Research

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Motivating the Development of Antigen-Specific ImmunotherapiesAutoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes (T1D), celiac disease (CD), and many others develop when the immune system mistakenly recognizes self-antigens as foreign, resulting in an orchestrated attack of host tissues. MS is a demyelinating disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), RA is a chronic inflammatory joint disorder that can affect other tissues and organs, and T1D is a chronic condition whereby the pancreas produces little or no insulin. Complications from T1D can impact other tissues and organs. CD is a chronic digestive autoimmune disease that is triggered by gluten consumption, resulting in damage to the small intestine. The exact causes of autoimmune diseases are only partially understood. However, biological sex, [1,2] genetics, [3,4] existing autoimmune disease, [5] lifestyle (i.e., smoking, obesity, and exposure), [6][7][8][9][10][11] certain medications, [12] and certain infections [13][14][15][16][17] have been linked with the development of autoimmune diseases. For example, most autoimmune diseases affect more female than male patients, but the reason for this bias is unclear. [1] In MS, risk gene variant, HLA-DRB1*15:01, increases risk for patients, [18] and infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with increased risks of MS, RA, and other autoimmune diseases. [13][14][15] These are currently no cures for these diseases, creating chronic battles that affect patient quality of life and require life-long compliance. Owing to the complex immunopathology of autoimmune disease, current treatments, even monoclonal antibodies, are not able to distinguish between normal and self-reactive cells. These therapies exploit distinct parenteral (e.g., intravenous [IV], subcutaneous [S.C.], intramuscular (IM), intradermal (ID), transdermal, intranodal) or mucosal (e.g., oral, intranasal (IN), pulmonary, sublingual, ocular) delivery routes to reduce disease severity. [19][20][21][22][23] For example, Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus, Genentech), a recombinant antibody that binds to CD20 on B lymphocytes to treat MS, is administered via IV injection and associated with risk of infections and allergic responses in certain patients. [19] Methotrexate, a first-line disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, is provided orally or S.C. but can lead to liver and lung damage and

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Strategies and delivery systems for cell-based therapy in autoimmunity

Puccetti,

Costantini,

Schoubben

et al. 2024

Front. Drug Deliv.

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This review article explores the potential of engineering antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for the immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases. It discusses various strategies for modifying APCs to induce antigen-specific tolerance, thereby mitigating autoimmune responses. The review covers recent advancements in APC engineering techniques, including genetic modification and nanoparticle-based approaches, and evaluates their efficacy in preclinical models and clinical trials. Additionally, challenges and future directions for the development of APC-based immunotherapies for autoimmunity – and other forms of cell-based immunotherapy – are discussed. Along this direction, this review (i) describes various strategies for engineering APCs, including genetic modification, nanoparticle delivery systems, and ex vivo manipulation techniques; (ii) discusses the selection of target antigens and the design of APC-based immunotherapies, and (iii) reviews preclinical models used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of engineered APCs in inducing antigen-specific tolerance.

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Synthetic Cationic Autoantigen Mimics Glatiramer Acetate Persistence at the Site of Injection and Is Efficacious Against Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Capillary zone electrophoresis method for quantification of therapeutic peptide glatiramer acetate

Capillary zone electrophoresis method for quantification of therapeutic peptide glatiramer acetate

Delivery Route Considerations for Designing Antigen‐Specific Biomaterial Strategies to Combat Autoimmunity

Strategies and delivery systems for cell-based therapy in autoimmunity

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