Synthetic epidermicin NI01 can protect Galleria mellonella larvae from infection with Staphylococcus aureus

Gibreel, Tarek M.; Upton, Mathew

doi:10.1093/jac/dkt195

Cited by 50 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…mellonella for mortality, Acinetobacter baumannii requiring >10 4 and Helicobacter pylori requiring 10 6 -10 7 cells for establishment of infection [15][16][17]. This low infectious dose is of particular interest as it reduces the chances of endotoxic shock due to rapid lysis of high numbers of Gram-negative bacterial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing phage therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using a Galleria mellonella infection model

Beeton

Alves

Enright

et al. 2015

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

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The Galleria mellonella infection model was used to assess the in vivo efficacy of phage therapy against laboratory and clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In a first series of experiments, Galleria were infected with the laboratory strain P. aeruginosa PAO1 and were treated with varying multiplicity of infection (MOI) of phages either 2h post-infection (treatment) or 2h pre-infection (prevention) via injection into the haemolymph. To address the kinetics of infection, larvae were bled over a period of 24h for quantification of bacteria and phages. Survival rates at 24h when infected with 10 cells/larvae were greater in the prevention versus treatment model (47% vs. 40%, MOI=10; 47% vs. 20%, MOI=1; and 33% vs. 7%, MOI=0.1). This pattern held true when 100 cells/larvae were used (87% vs. 20%, MOI=10; 53% vs. 13%, MOI=1; 67% vs. 7%, MOI=0.1). By 24h post-infection, phages kept bacterial cell numbers in the haemolymph 1000-fold lower than in the non-treated group. In a second series of experiments using clinical strains to further validate the prevention model, phages protected Galleria when infected with both a bacteraemia (0% vs. 85%) and a cystic fibrosis (80% vs. 100%) isolate. Therefore, this study validates the use of G. mellonella as a simple, robust and cost-effective model for initial in vivo examination of P. aeruginosa-targeted phage therapy, which may be applied to other pathogens with similarly low infective doses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing phage therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using a Galleria mellonella infection model

Beeton

Alves

Enright

et al. 2015

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents

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“…The G. mellonella model has been used to evaluate the virulence potential of several human pathogens, including S. aureus and L. monocytogenes (Joyce & Gahan, 2010;Mukherjee et al, 2010;Desbois & Coote, 2011). The action of antimicrobial agents and response to stress conditions on bacterial virulence also have been investigated using the larvae model (Desbois & Coote, 2011;Gibreel & Upton, 2013;Schrama et al, 2013). Sequential exposure of S. aureus, MRSA, and L. monocytogenes strains to subinhibitory eugenol concentration affected their virulence evidencing the great potential of eugenol to combat these human pathogens either by inhibiting their ability to form biofilm and diminishing their virulence potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No induction of antimicrobial resistance inStaphylococcus aureusandListeria monocytogenesduring continuous exposure to eugenol and citral

Apolónio

Faleiro

Miguel

et al. 2014

FEMS Microbiol Lett

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptation response of Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Listeria monocytogenes to the essential oil (EO), eugenol, and citral. The minimum inhibitory concentration of eugenol and citral was determined by agar dilution and microdilution. Adaptation to eugenol and citral was done by sequential exposure of the pathogens to increasing concentrations of the essential oils. The M2-A9 standard was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility. The effect of eugenol and citral on the adherence ability was evaluated by the crystal violet assay. The impact of adaptation to eugenol on virulence was estimated using the Galleria mellonella model. No development of resistance to the components and antibiotics was observed in the adapted cells of S. aureus, MRSA, and L. monocytogenes. Eugenol and citral at subinhibitory concentration reduced the bacterial adherence. Adaptation to subinhibitory concentration of eugenol affected the virulence potential of S. aureus, MRSA, and L. monocytogenes. Eugenol and citral do not pose a risk of resistance development in a continuous mode of use. These EO components showed a high efficacy as antistaphylococcal and antilisterial biofilm agents. Adaptation at subinhibitory concentration of eugenol protected the larvae against listerial and staphylococcal infection.

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“…Then prepupae and pupae are formed and, after additional 2 weeks, adult moths appear. This bee moth has been a good model to study insect immune response and virulence factors of many pathogens, including human pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Fusarium oxysporum, and Aspergillus fumigatus (Gibreel & Upton, 2013;Gomez-Lopez et al, 2014;Koch et al, 2014;Munoz-Gomez et al, 2014;Maekawa Fig. 1 Simplified scheme presenting insect immunity.…”

Section: Galleria Mellonellamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then prepupae and pupae are formed and, after additional 2 weeks, adult moths appear. This bee moth has been a good model to study insect immune response and virulence factors of many pathogens, including human pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Enterococcus faecalis , Staphylococcus aureus , Candida albicans , Fusarium oxysporum , and Aspergillus fumigatus (Gibreel & Upton, ; Gomez‐Lopez et al ., ; Koch et al ., ; Munoz‐Gomez et al ., ; Maekawa et al ., ; Vaz et al ., ). Their virulence factors can be studied first on the insect model, which is easier, cheaper, and more ethically acceptable, before testing on mammalian organisms (Junquirella, ; Arvanitis et al ., ; Cook & McArthur, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity of the greater wax mothGalleria mellonella

2016

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Investigation of insect immune mechanisms provides important information concerning innate immunity, which in many aspects is conserved in animals. This is one of the reasons why insects serve as model organisms to study virulence mechanisms of human pathogens. From the evolutionary point of view, we also learn a lot about host-pathogen interaction and adaptation of organisms to conditions of life. Additionally, insect-derived antibacterial and antifungal peptides and proteins are considered for their potential to be applied as alternatives to antibiotics. While Drosophila melanogaster is used to study the genetic aspect of insect immunity, Galleria mellonella serves as a good model for biochemical research. Given the size of the insect, it is possible to obtain easily hemolymph and other tissues as a source of many immune-relevant polypeptides. This review article summarizes our knowledge concerning G. mellonella immunity. The best-characterized immune-related proteins and peptides are recalled and their short characteristic is given. Some other proteins identified at the mRNA level are also mentioned. The infectious routes used by Galleria natural pathogens such as Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana are also described in the context of host-pathogen interaction. Finally, the plasticity of G. mellonella immune response influenced by abiotic and biotic factors is described.

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Synthetic epidermicin NI01 can protect Galleria mellonella larvae from infection with Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 50 publications

References 14 publications

Assessing phage therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using a Galleria mellonella infection model

Assessing phage therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using a Galleria mellonella infection model

No induction of antimicrobial resistance inStaphylococcus aureusandListeria monocytogenesduring continuous exposure to eugenol and citral

Immunity of the greater wax mothGalleria mellonella

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