Synthetic insecticide with a new order of activity

Elliott, M.; Farnham, Andrew W.; Janes, Norman F.; Needham, P. H.; Pulman, David A.

doi:10.1038/248710a0

Cited by 252 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Of late, there has been mounting interest in the use of synergist to reduce the resistance incidence by combined applications. Among the new generation of pyrethroids, deltamethrin excels others in its insecticidal efficacy (Elliott et al, 1974). However, its potency to select for resistance has not been fully ascertained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergist efficacy of piperonyl butoxide with deltamethrin as pyrethroid insecticide on Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) and other mosquitoe species

Fakoorziba

Eghbal

Vijayan

2008

Environmental Toxicology

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Continuous and indiscriminate use of pesticides, especially in tropical countries for public health or agriculture purpose, has led many vector populations to become resistant to organochlorides, organophosphates, and even to carbamates and pyrethroids. Development of resistance by a vector population has been one of the reasons for the failure of the control measures in many countries. This investigation demonstrates the efficacy of piperonyl-butoxide (PBO) with deltamethrin, as pyrethroid insecticide, against the field-collected mosquitoe larvae of five species, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles culicifacies, An. stephensi, An. vagus, and Culex quinqufasciatus, and two morphological variants of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (type A from grand pools of Mysore city and type B from rice fields of Mandya district). For testing the synergistic effect of PBO, stock solutions of deltamethrin and PBO were mixed in 1:6 ratio. The synergistic ratio and the percent suppression in deltamethrin tolerance were calculated by using LC 50 values. From the results, it is clear that, PBO is an effective synergist with deltamethrin against all of species undertaken in this investigation. So, it is suggested that PBO is a good synergist in this area for decreasing the use of pesticides in environment in vector control. #

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergist efficacy of piperonyl butoxide with deltamethrin as pyrethroid insecticide on Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae) and other mosquitoe species

Fakoorziba

Eghbal

Vijayan

2008

Environmental Toxicology

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“…Long-lasting, extensive efforts in many laboratories in modifying chemical structure of natural pyrethrins to obtain derivatives with better chemical properties and biological performances, have proved to be gradually successful, and numerous new compounds have been elaborated (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Some compounds are quite different from natural pyrethrins in their alcoholic moiety, and others even lack the cyclopropane ring in the acid moiety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation, metabolism and toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids.

Miyamoto¹

1976

Environ Health Perspect

202

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Synthetic pyrethroidal compounds undergo biodegradation in mammals both oxidatively and hydrolytically, and depending on the type of compound, either of the pathways may predominate. Thus, (+) -or (±) -trans isomers of the chrysanthemumate ester of primary alcohols such as fenothrin, furamethrin, proparthrin, resmethrin, and tetramethrin (and possibly permethrin, too) are metabolized mainly through hydrolysis of the ester linkage, with subsequent oxidation and/or conjugation of the component alcohol and acid moieties. On the other hand, the corresponding (+ )-cis enantiometers and chrysanthemumate of secondary alcohols like allethrin are resistant to hydrolytic attack, and biodegraded via oxidation at various sites of the molecule. These rapid metabolic degradations, together with the presumable incomplete absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, would generally contribute to the low acute toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids.These compounds are neither skin irritants nor skin sensitizers, and inhalation toxicity as well as dermal toxicity are fairly low. Neither is teratogenic in rats, mice, and/or rabbits or mutagenic on various bacterial strains. Subacute and chronic feeding of higher amounts of the compounds to rats invariably causes some histopathological changes in liver; however, these are neither indicative nor suggestive of tumorigenicity.Based on existing toxicological information, the present recommended use patterns might afford sufficient safety margin on human population.However, in extending usage to agricultural pest control, much more extensive investigations should be forthcoming from both chemical and biological aspects, since there is scant information on the fate of these pyrethroids in the environment. Also several of the compounds may be very toxic to certain kinds of fish and arthropods.

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“…Larvae treated with 1.5 X 10-13 or 1.5 X 10)s mol of tralomethrin A developed symptoms after 14. 8 The onset of the moribund symptom observed in the third instar larvae when tralomethrin A (sample 1), tralomethrin A and B (sample 2), and deltamethrin were topically applied is shown in Fig. 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%