Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants and Their Metabolites in Indoor Dust from Homes and Microenvironments

Wang, Wei; Asimakopoulos, Alexandros G.; Abualnaja, Khalid Omer; Gevao, Bondi; Johnson‐Restrepo, Boris; Kumosani, Taha; Malarvannan, Govindan; Minh, Tu Binh; Moon, Hyo Bang; Nakata, Haruhiko; Sinha, R. K.

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b04826

Cited by 102 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…High detection frequencies were found for BHA in urban (89%) and rural dust samples (100%) in this study with GM concentrations of 12.0 ng/g and 84.0 ng/g, respectively. While, one previous study showed that, for the dust samples collected from 12 countries, BHA was exclusively in samples from China (Wang et al, 2016). Sporadic studies were found reporting the occurrence of 4-tOP in settled house dust matrix from China with median concentration of 80.0 ng/g (Lu et al, 2013).…”

Section: Spa Concentrations and Composition Profiles In Dust Samplesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Among the SPA analytes, BHT was detectable in all of the investigated urban (n ¼ 55) and rural dust samples (n ¼ 20) with concentrations of 852e1.84e4 ng/g (GM: 2.27e3 ng/g) and 163e2.33e3 ng/g (GM: 773 ng/g), respectively. Limited studies showed that BHT existed in dust samples with concentrations from 170 ng/g to 7.00e4 ng/g (Nilsson et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2016). High concentrations of BHT (230e1.30e3 ng/g) were also reported in human body fat in UK and USA (Collings and Sharratt, 1970), though no study investigated the relationship between the BHT occurrence in human body and its exposure through dust ingestion.…”

Section: Spa Concentrations and Composition Profiles In Dust Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of synthetic phenolic antioxidants and transformation products in urban and rural indoor dust

Liu

Lin

Ruan

et al. 2017

Environmental Pollution

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In this study, seven synthetic phenolic antioxidant (SPA) analogues were positively found in urban and rural indoor dust samples collected from Shandong province in China, among which the novel 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol (AO 246), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-sec-butylphenol (DTBSBP), 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (DBP) and 4,4'-butylidenebis (2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5- methyl-phenol) (AO 44B25) analogues accounted for 29% of total SPA concentrations (∑SPAs). Urban dust showed significantly higher ∑SPA levels (range: 1.56e3 - 2.03e4 ng/g) compared with those in rural indoor dust (668-4.39e3 ng/g, p < 0.05). 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) was the dominate analogue in the urban indoor dust, which constituted of 74% in ΣSPAs. While, varied composition profiles of SPAs were noticed in rural indoor dust, for instance, AO 246 (46%) and BHT (43%) had similar contributions to ∑SPAs. Three BHT transformation products (TPs) were also detected in most of the urban and rural dust samples (>97%), with individual residue level in the same order: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (BHT-Q) > 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy- 4-methyl-2,5-cyclo-hexadienone (BHT-quinol) > 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzal-dehyde (BHT-CHO). Geometric mean values of total TP concentrations were 555 ng/g and 131 ng/g for urban and rural indoor dust samples, respectively. A preliminary estimated daily intake calculation at dust ingestion scenario suggested additional concerns might be paid to simultaneous exposure of several SPA analogues and TPs besides current focus on BHT exposure risks.

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Section: Spa Concentrations and Composition Profiles In Dust Samplesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Spa Concentrations and Composition Profiles In Dust Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of synthetic phenolic antioxidants and transformation products in urban and rural indoor dust

Liu

Lin

Ruan

et al. 2017

Environmental Pollution

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“…BHA and BHT have already been found to be responsible for adverse effects on the liver and for carcinogenesis in animal studies [19,33]. Additionally, very little is known about the environmental occurrence and fate of these compounds [37,38]. The tendency to replace these antioxidants with natural ones has been increasing [39].…”

Section: Replacing Synthetic Antioxidants With Natural Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants of Natural Plant Origins: From Sources to Food Industry Applications

2019

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In recent years, great interest has been focused on using natural antioxidants in food products, due to studies indicating possible adverse effects that may be related to the consumption of synthetic antioxidants. A variety of plant materials are known to be natural sources of antioxidants, such as herbs, spices, seeds, fruits and vegetables. The interest in these natural components is not only due to their biological value, but also to their economic impact, as most of them may be extracted from food by-products and under-exploited plant species. This article provides an overview of current knowledge on natural antioxidants: their sources, extraction methods and stabilization processes. In addition, recent studies on their applications in the food industry are also addressed; namely, as preservatives in different food products and in active films for packaging purposes and edible coatings.

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“…[8]. A recent study indicated presence of antioxidant gallic acid esters (gallates) in dust from homes and microenvironments [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallic Acid: A Promising Lead Molecule for Drug Development

Nayeem¹,

SMB²

2016

J App Pharm

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Gallic acid and its congeners are commonly present in variety of fruits and number of plants. In addition to its natural origin, large number of synthesized gallic acid derivatives are also available. It has a wide range of industrial uses including its role as standard for determing phenolic content of analytes in pharmaceutical industry, as source material for ink, paints and colour developer. Studies on gallic acid and its derivatives have exhibited its potential for combating oxidative damages, cancer manifestations and microbial infestations. Further, gallic acid extracted from different natural sources has been implicated to possess potency to ameliorate neurodegenerative disorders and aging. Furthermore, large number of reseach explorations are available to show its ability for the treatment of diabetes, ischemic heart diseases, ulcer and other ailments. In this review, an attempt is made to compile the scattered information on gallic acid and its derivatives for their pharmacological role, isolation and extraction procedures as well as quantification. This might help our research fraternity to explore gallic acid in their future research as a lead compound for new drug development.

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Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants and Their Metabolites in Indoor Dust from Homes and Microenvironments

Cited by 102 publications

References 26 publications

Occurrence of synthetic phenolic antioxidants and transformation products in urban and rural indoor dust

Occurrence of synthetic phenolic antioxidants and transformation products in urban and rural indoor dust

Antioxidants of Natural Plant Origins: From Sources to Food Industry Applications

Gallic Acid: A Promising Lead Molecule for Drug Development

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