Synthetic Polymers for Organ 3D Printing

Liu, Fan; Wang, Xiaohong

doi:10.3390/polym12081765

Cited by 95 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 170 publications

(282 reference statements)

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“…The non-ionic surfactant gelation temperature is dependent on its concentration and structure [ 114 ]. The main characteristics of this gel form are good biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, weak mechanical properties, quick degradation rates, rapid dissolution in aqueous solutions, and poor cell viabilities [ 115 , 116 ]. In the area of tissue engineering, polaxamer hydrogels have been studied for diverse approaches in tissue regeneration [ 114 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 ].…”

Section: Printable Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioresorbable Polymers: Advanced Materials and 4D Printing for Tissue Engineering

Saska¹,

Pilatti²,

Blay³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a valuable tool in the production of complexes structures with specific shapes for tissue engineering. Differently from native tissues, the printed structures are static and do not transform their shape in response to different environment changes. Stimuli-responsive biocompatible materials have emerged in the biomedical field due to the ability of responding to other stimuli (physical, chemical, and/or biological), resulting in microstructures modifications. Four-dimensional (4D) printing arises as a new technology that implements dynamic improvements in printed structures using smart materials (stimuli-responsive materials) and/or cells. These dynamic scaffolds enable engineered tissues to undergo morphological changes in a pre-planned way. Stimuli-responsive polymeric hydrogels are the most promising material for 4D bio-fabrication because they produce a biocompatible and bioresorbable 3D shape environment similar to the extracellular matrix and allow deposition of cells on the scaffold surface as well as in the inside. Subsequently, this review presents different bioresorbable advanced polymers and discusses its use in 4D printing for tissue engineering applications.

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Section: Printable Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioresorbable Polymers: Advanced Materials and 4D Printing for Tissue Engineering

Saska¹,

Pilatti²,

Blay³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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show abstract

“…In the farther future, the innovation of 3D printing will constantly expand the potential of 3D bioprinting, and therefore the mutual enhancement of physical organ models and in vitro tissue models [ 212 , 213 ] will be more significant. 3D bioartificial organs [ 204 , 214 , 215 ] with complete organ functions will be the ultimate embodiment of the integration and development of these fields. Although there is still a long way to go, this is the inevitable pathway for organ models to go from “appearance resemblance” (having the same physical shape as real organs) to “spiritual resemblance” (having the same biological functions as real organs) that worth people making unremitting efforts.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Physical Organ Models: Recent Developments and Challenges

Jin

Kang

et al. 2021

Advanced Science

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Physical organ models are the objects that replicate the patient-specific anatomy and have played important roles in modern medical diagnosis and disease treatment. 3D printing, as a powerful multi-function manufacturing technology, breaks the limitations of traditional methods and provides a great potential for manufacturing organ models. However, the clinical application of organ model is still in small scale, facing the challenges including high cost, poor mimicking performance and insufficient accuracy. In this review, the mainstream 3D printing technologies are introduced, and the existing manufacturing methods are divided into "directly printing" and "indirectly printing", with an emphasis on choosing suitable techniques and materials. This review also summarizes the ideas to address these challenges and focuses on three points: 1) what are the characteristics and requirements of organ models in different application scenarios, 2) how to choose the suitable 3D printing methods and materials according to different application categories, and 3) how to reduce the cost of organ models and make the process simple and convenient. Moreover, the state-of-the-art in organ models are summarized and the contribution of 3D printed organ models to various surgical procedures is highlighted. Finally, current limitations, evaluation criteria and future perspectives for this emerging area are discussed.

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“…For example, Gu et al [ 34 ] reported a reversible physical cross-linking strategy to accurately deposit gelatin methacrylic “bioinks” loaded with human chondrocytes at low concentrations without any sacrificial materials. Chen et al [ 35 ] introduced 1% aldehyde hyaluronic acid (AHA) and 0.375% N-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) to obtain a polysaccharide gelatin (GEL, 5%)-alginate (ALG, 1%) “bioink”. This GEL-ALG/CMC/AHA “bioink” has a weak temperature dependence when it was printed in vivo at about 37°C using traditional printing methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of 3D Bioprinting in Organ Manufacturing

Song

Liu

et al. 2021

Polymers

Self Cite

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Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a family of rapid prototyping technologies, which assemble biomaterials, including cells and bioactive agents, under the control of a computer-aided design model in a layer-by-layer fashion. It has great potential in organ manufacturing areas with the combination of biology, polymers, chemistry, engineering, medicine, and mechanics. At present, 3D bioprinting technologies can be used to successfully print living tissues and organs, including blood vessels, skin, bones, cartilage, kidney, heart, and liver. The unique advantages of 3D bioprinting technologies for organ manufacturing have improved the traditional medical level significantly. In this article, we summarize the latest research progress of polymers in bioartificial organ 3D printing areas. The important characteristics of the printable polymers and the typical 3D bioprinting technologies for several complex bioartificial organs, such as the heart, liver, nerve, and skin, are introduced.

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Synthetic Polymers for Organ 3D Printing

Cited by 95 publications

References 170 publications

Bioresorbable Polymers: Advanced Materials and 4D Printing for Tissue Engineering

Bioresorbable Polymers: Advanced Materials and 4D Printing for Tissue Engineering

3D Printing of Physical Organ Models: Recent Developments and Challenges

Progress of 3D Bioprinting in Organ Manufacturing

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