Synthetic Quartz with High Ultraviolet Transmission

Ballman, A. A.; Dodd, D. M.; Kuebler, N. A.; Laudise, R.A.; Wood, D. L.; Rudd, D.W.

doi:10.1364/ao.7.001387

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Given current clinical protocols and the need to avoid bacterial contamination and other physical contact, implant devices must not be exposed nor manipulated prior to placement into patients and should ideally be treated with UV light without first unpacking them from their containers. Impressively, quartz ampoules did not compromise the efficacy of methylene blue decomposition compared with direct treatment of specimens, indicating that most UV light permeated the quartz ampoules [ 102 , 103 ]. However, plastic tubes significantly reduced decomposition efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposing Organic Molecules on Titanium with Vacuum Ultraviolet Light for Effective and Rapid Photofunctionalization

Suzumura

Matsuura

Komatsu

et al. 2022

JFB

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Ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization counteracts the biological aging of titanium to increase the bioactivity and osseointegration of titanium implants. However, UV photofunctionalization currently requires long treatment times of between 12 min and 48 h, precluding routine clinical use. Here, we tested the ability of a novel, xenon excimer lamp emitting 172 nm vacuum UV (VUV) to decompose organic molecules coated on titanium as a surrogate of photofunctionalization. Methylene blue as a model organic molecule was coated on grade 4 commercially pure titanium and treated with four UV light sources: (i) ultraviolet C (UVC), (ii) high-energy UVC (HUVC), (iii) proprietary UV (PUV), and (iv) VUV. After one minute of treatment, VUV decomposed 57% of methylene blue compared with 2%, 36%, and 42% for UVC, HUVC, and PUV, respectively. UV dose-dependency testing revealed maximal methylene blue decomposition with VUV within one minute. Equivalent decomposition was observed on grade 5 titanium alloy specimens, and placing titanium specimens in quartz ampoules did not compromise efficacy. Methylene blue was decomposed even on polymethyl methacrylate acrylic specimens at 20–25% lower efficiency than on titanium specimens, indicating a relatively small contribution of titanium dioxide-mediated photocatalytic decomposition to the total decomposition. Load-testing revealed that VUV maintained high efficacy of methylene blue decomposition regardless of the coating density, whereas other UV light sources showed low efficacy with thin coatings and plateauing efficacy with thicker coatings. This study provides foundational data on rapid and efficient VUV-mediated organic decomposition on titanium. In synergy with quartz ampoules used as containers, VUV has the potential to overcome current technical challenges hampering the clinical application of UV photofunctionalization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposing Organic Molecules on Titanium with Vacuum Ultraviolet Light for Effective and Rapid Photofunctionalization

Suzumura

Matsuura

Komatsu

et al. 2022

JFB

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“…Ammonothermal growth of bulk GaN is a modification of the hydrothermal growth technique developed to grow highquality quartz [46]. The latter uses water while the former uses ammonia (NH 3 ) as the polar solvent.…”

Section: Growth Of Bulk and Thick-film Ganmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of the state of the art of bulk III–V nitride substrates and homoepitaxial layers

Freitas

2010

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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The technological importance of III-V nitride semiconductors relies on their variety of applications, which cover optical, optoelectronic and electronic devices capable of operating under extreme values of current, voltage and temperature. The major roadblock for full realization of the potential of nitride semiconductors is still the availability of affordable large-area and high-quality native substrates with controlled electrical properties. Despite the impressive accomplishments recently achieved by techniques such as hydride vapour phase epitaxy and ammonothermal for GaN and sublimation for AlN, much more must be attained before establishing a bulk growth technique of choice to grow these materials. A brief review of the structural, optical and electronic properties of the state of the art of bulk and thick-film (quasi-bulk) nitride substrates and homoepitaxial films is presented, and a few device applications are also highlighted.

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“…Here, we tested the potential of a novel, xenon excimer lamp emitting 172 nm wavelength vacuum UV (VUV; defined as UV < 200 nm) to decompose organic molecules around titanium. Specifically, we determined whether the combined use of 172 nm VUV and a quartz ampoule [93,94] as a specimen container overcame the abovementioned three challenges. Methylene blue (C 16 H 18 ClN 3 S), a benzene ring, hydrocarboncontaining molecule, was used as a model organic molecule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel High-Energy Vacuum Ultraviolet Light Photofunctionalization Approach for Decomposing Organic Molecules around Titanium

Suzumura¹,

Matsuura²,

Komatsu³

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Titanium undergoes biological aging, represented by increased hydrophobicity and surface accumulation of organic molecules over time, which compromises the osseointegration of dental and orthopedic implants. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a novel UV light source, 172 nm wavelength vacuum UV (VUV), in decomposing organic molecules around titanium. Methylene blue solution used as a model organic molecule placed in a quartz ampoule with and without titanium specimens was treated with four different UV light sources: (i) ultraviolet C (UVC), (ii) high-energy UVC (HUVC), (iii) proprietary UV (PUV), and (iv) VUV. After one minute of treatment, VUV decomposed over 90% of methylene blue, while there was 3-, 3-, and 8-fold more methylene blue after the HUVC, PUV, and UVC treatments, respectively. In dose-dependency experiments, maximal methylene blue decomposition occurred after one minute of VUV treatment and after 20–30 min of UVC treatment. Rapid and effective VUV-mediated organic decomposition was not influenced by the surface topography of titanium or its alloy and even occurred in the absence of titanium, indicating only a minimal photocatalytic contribution of titanium dioxide to organic decomposition. VUV-mediated but not other light source-mediated methylene blue decomposition was proportional to its concentration. Plastic tubes significantly reduced methylene blue decomposition for all light sources. These results suggest that VUV, in synergy with quartz ampoules, mediates rapid and effective organic decomposition compared with other UV sources. This proof-of-concept study paves the way for rapid and effective VUV-powered photofunctionalization of titanium to overcome biological aging.

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Synthetic Quartz with High Ultraviolet Transmission

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Decomposing Organic Molecules on Titanium with Vacuum Ultraviolet Light for Effective and Rapid Photofunctionalization

Decomposing Organic Molecules on Titanium with Vacuum Ultraviolet Light for Effective and Rapid Photofunctionalization

Properties of the state of the art of bulk III–V nitride substrates and homoepitaxial layers

A Novel High-Energy Vacuum Ultraviolet Light Photofunctionalization Approach for Decomposing Organic Molecules around Titanium

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