Synthetic space with arbitrary dimensions in a few rings undergoing dynamic modulation

Yuan, Luqi; Xiao, Meng; Lin, Qiang; Fan, Shanhui

doi:10.1103/physrevb.97.104105

Cited by 83 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the synthetic space, it is straightforward to create a wide variety of band structures by simply changing the modulation pattern. Different modulation patterns correspond to different coupling configurations in the tightbinding lattice [47]. Such a flexibility is unique to synthetic space and is unmatched in either solid-state materials or photonic crystals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Band Structure Spectroscopy along the Synthetic Dimension

Dutt¹,

Minkov²,

Lin³

et al. 2019

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

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In recent years there has been significant interest in the concepts of synthetic dimensions, where one couples the internal degrees of freedom of a particle to form higher-dimensional lattices in lower-dimensional physical structures. For these systems the concept of band structure along the synthetic dimension plays a central role in their theoretical description. Here we provide the first direct experimental measurement of the band structure along the synthetic dimension. By dynamically modulating a ring resonator at frequencies commensurate with its mode spacing, we realize a periodically driven system with a synthetic frequency dimension lattice. The strength and range of the couplings along the lattice can be dynamically reconfigured by changing the amplitude and frequency of modulation. We show theoretically and demonstrate experimentally that time-resolved transmission measurements of this system result in a direct "read out" of its band structure. We also show how long-range coupling, photonic gauge potentials and nonreciprocal bands can be realized in the system by simply incorporating additional frequency drives, enabling great flexibility in engineering the band structure.The concept of band structure for periodic systems plays a central role in understanding the electronic properties of solid-state systems as well as the photonic properties of photonic crystals and metamaterials [1]. Recently, there has been significant interest in creating analogous periodic systems not in real space but in synthetic space, allowing one to explore higher-dimensional physics with a structure of fewer physical dimensions [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Synthetic dimensions are internal degrees of freedom of a system that can be configured into a lattice, for example the hyperfine spin states in cold atoms [4][5][6][13][14][15][16][17], the orbital angular momentum of photons [7,[18][19][20], or the modes at different frequencies of optical ring resonators [8,9]. These systems are again characterized by a band structure in synthetic space, but an experimental demonstration of directly measuring this band structure is lacking.In this work we provide the first direct experimental demonstration of a band structure in the synthetic dimension. For this purpose, we consider a particular construction of a synthetic space -the equidistant frequency modes of a ring resonator. This synthetic frequency dimension enables one to study fundamental physics such as the effective gauge field and magnetic field for photons, 2D topological photonics in a 1D array, and 3D topological photonics in planar structures [8,9,[21][22][23][24][25][26]. Moreover, the concept is interesting for applications such as unidirectional frequency translation, quantum information processing, nonreciprocal photon transport and spectral shaping of light [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. While the frequency dimension has been theoretically investigated in great detail, mostly using the band structure in synthetic space, there is a dearth of e...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a flexibility is unique to synthetic space and is unmatched in either solid-state materials or photonic crystals. As an illustration, long-range coupling can be achieved by using a modulation with a frequency that is a multiple of the FSR [38,47]. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Band Structure Spectroscopy along the Synthetic Dimension

Dutt¹,

Minkov²,

Lin³

et al. 2019

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Also, while three dimensional physics can in principle be explored in three dimensional structures, constructing such structures may be challenging and it may be more advantageous to explore such a physics in one or twodimensional structures that are easier to construct. coupling between different states generates a two-dimensional system [9,49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic dimension in photonics

Yuan¹,

Lin²,

Xiao³

et al. 2018

Optica

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259

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The physics of a photonic structure is commonly described in terms of its apparent geometric dimensionality. On the other hand, with the concept of synthetic dimension, it is in fact possible to explore physics in a space with a dimensionality that is higher as compared to the apparent geometrical dimensionality of the structures. In this review, we discuss the basic concepts of synthetic dimension in photonics, and highlighting the various approaches towards demonstrating such synthetic dimension for fundamental physics and potential applications.

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“…However, these systems are extremely difficult to scale and reconfigure. Synthetic dimensions provide a promising alternative approach for photonic quantum simulations in a scalable and resource efficient way without requiring complex photonic circuits [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. One powerful technique to implement a synthetic space is through time-multiplexing [19][20][21][22][23][24], which can scale to a higher number of dimensions efficiently.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Guiding and confining of light in a two-dimensional synthetic space using electric fields

Chalabi¹,

Barik²,

Mittal³

et al. 2020

Optica

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Synthetic dimensions provide a promising platform for photonic quantum simulations. Manipulating the flow of photons in these dimensions requires an electric field. However, photons do not have charge and do not directly interact with electric fields. Therefore, alternative approaches are needed to realize electric fields in photonics. One approach is to use engineered gauge fields that can mimic the effect of electric fields and produce the same dynamical behavior. Here, we demonstrate such an electric field for photons propagating in a two-dimensional synthetic space. We achieve this using a linearly time-varying gauge field generated by direction-dependent phase modulations. We show that the generated electric field leads to Bloch oscillations and the revival of the state after a certain number of steps dependent on the field strength. We measure the probability of the revival and demonstrate good agreement between the observed values and the theoretically predicted results. Furthermore, by applying a nonuniform electric field, we show the possibility of waveguiding photons. Ultimately, our results open up new opportunities for manipulating the propagation of photons with potential applications in photonic quantum simulations.

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Synthetic space with arbitrary dimensions in a few rings undergoing dynamic modulation

Cited by 83 publications

References 35 publications

Experimental Band Structure Spectroscopy along the Synthetic Dimension

Experimental Band Structure Spectroscopy along the Synthetic Dimension

Synthetic dimension in photonics

Guiding and confining of light in a two-dimensional synthetic space using electric fields

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