“…The Povarov reaction and its variants can be catalyzed by a wide variety of Brønsted and Lewis acids: BF 3 ·Et 2 O, 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 BiCl 3 , 41–44 CAN, 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 cerium sulfate, 52 Amberlyst 15, 53 phthalic acid, 54 p -toluenesulfonic acid 55 56 and its supramolecular analogue CX4SO 3 H, 57 ferric sulfate, 58 59 60 iodine, 61 62 63 InCl 3 , 64 65 66 67 68 69 NH 4 Br, 70 Sc(OTf) 3 , 71 72 73 74 75 and Sc(III)-loaded resin, 76 Y(OTf) 3 , 77 78 79 80 81 bistriflimide, 28 TFA 82 and zinc chloride. 83 Moreover, mixed catalytic systems may be employed, such as Ca(OTf) 2 /Bu 4 NPF 6 84 and CeCl 3 /NaI.…”