Synthetic turf finite element model development and validation

Abstract

Assessment of synthetic turf performance has been undertaken using a variety of experimental methods but is limited in understanding the complex physics of cleat-turf interaction. Computational models could provide insight, but there is currently no validated model of synthetic turf available. The scope of this study was to develop a Finite Element (FE) model of synthetic turf using a hierarchical approach and validate the model using independent test data. A physical third-generation synthetic turf comprising slit-film fibers with sand and rubber crumb infill was constructed. Experiments were conducted using a direct impact (Clegg) device and an artificial cleat-form. Material characterization tests were performed on the individual turf components, integrated into constitutive models, and a full turf FE model was constructed. The carpet was modeled with shell elements while the granular infill was modeled using smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) elements. A method to simulate the physical pre-conditioning performed on the experimental turf was developed. Both unconditioned and pre-conditioned turfs were assessed using Clegg tests. The re-created Clegg tests on the turf model demonstrated good agreement with the physical tests, with higher acceleration for the pre-conditioned turf. The turf model was validated using experiments with a turf test apparatus including dynamic translation and rotation of a cleat-form. The model predicted results in good agreement with the experiments (average CORA rating of 0.863) on pre-conditioned turf. The resulting model and methods can be expanded to synthetic turf of different constituent materials, to investigate their effects on cleat-surface interaction, optimizing performance, and reducing injury risk.

A finite element model for predicting impact-induced damage to a skin simulant

“…Shoulder-to-shoulder, elbow-to-shoulder, or knee-to-shoulder impacts could be simulated to understand the force propagation and the risk of soft tissue injury. A model for artificial turf 36,37 could be developed to simulate contact with skin to further knowledge on the types of skin injuries, particularly abrasions, that may occur. The techniques presented here could also be applied to soft tissue simulants for different skin tones, giving a more inclusive model for predicting soft tissue injury risk.…”