Syphilis prevalence trends in adult women in 132 countries – estimations using the Spectrum Sexually Transmitted Infections model

Korenromp, Eline L.; Mahiane, Séverin Guy; Nagelkerke, Nico; Taylor, Melanie; Williams, Rebecca; Chico, R Matthew; Pretorius, Carel; Abu‐Raddad, Laith J.; Rowley, J

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29805-9

Cited by 49 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Syphilis prevalence is increasing in many countries . Untreated syphilis in pregnant women is a major cause of foetal death and congenital infection .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing sexually transmitted infections in resource‐constrained settings: challenges and ways forward

Ndowa²,

et al. 2019

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Introduction Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain prevalent and are increasing in several populations. Appropriate STI diagnosis is crucial to prevent the transmission and sequelae of untreated infection. We reviewed the diagnostic accuracy of syndromic case management and existing point‐of‐care tests (POCTs), including those in the pipeline, to diagnose STIs in resource‐constrained settings. Methods We prioritized updating the systematic review and meta‐analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of vaginal discharge from 2001 to 2015 to include studies until 2018. We calculated the absolute effects of different vaginal flowcharts and the diagnostic performance of POCTs on important outcomes. We searched the peer‐reviewed literature for previously conducted systematic reviews and articles from 1990 to 2018 on the diagnostic accuracy of syndromic management of vaginal and urethral discharge, genital ulcer and anorectal infections. We conducted literature reviews from 2000 to 2018 on the existing POCTs and those in the pipeline. Results and discussions The diagnostic accuracy of urethral discharge and genital ulcer disease syndromes is relatively adequate. Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections limit the use of vaginal discharge and anorectal syndromes. The pooled diagnostic accuracy of vaginal syndromic case management for CT/NG is low, resulting in high numbers of overtreatment and missed treatment. The absolute effect of POCTs was reduced overtreatment and missed treatment. Findings of the reviews on syndromic case management underscored the need for low‐cost and accurate POCTs for the identification, first, of CT/NG, and, second, of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and NG and MG resistance/susceptibility testing. Near‐patient POCT molecular assays for CT/NG/TV are commercially available. The prices of these POCTs remain the barrier for uptake in resource‐constrained settings. This is driving the development of lower cost solutions. Conclusions The WHO syndromic case management guidelines should be updated to raise the quality of STI management through the integration of laboratory tests. STI screening strategies are needed to address asymptomatic STIs. POCTs that are accurate, rapid, simple and affordable are urgently needed in resource‐constrained settings to support the uptake of aetiological diagnosis and treatment.

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“…Syphilis prevalence is increasing in many countries . Untreated syphilis in pregnant women is a major cause of foetal death and congenital infection .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing sexually transmitted infections in resource‐constrained settings: challenges and ways forward

Ndowa²,

et al. 2019

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“…We found that FSWs who had attended up to the primary school showed a significantly higher prevalence of syphilis positivity. This may reflect the low overall awareness of these individuals about the risks involved and sex work and measures to prevent STIs [20,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of syphilis in female sex workers in three countryside cities of the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2020

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Background: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmitted from person to person mainly by sexual intercourse or through vertical transmission during pregnancy. Female sex workers (FSWs) are exposed especially to syphilis infection, and besides all the efforts to control the spread of STIs, syphilis prevalence is still rising, mainly occurring in low-income countries. This study aimed to investigate the syphilis prevalence, demographic characteristics and sexual habits among FSWs in the Amazon region of Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out including 184 FSWs from 3 countryside cities of the state of Pará, Amazon region of Brazil. A venereal disease research laboratory test and an indirect immunoenzyme assay to test antibodies against Treponema pallidum were used for screening syphilis infection, while sexual habits and demographic data information were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed comparing groups with/without syphilis. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the reasons of prevalence (RP). Results: The overall prevalence of syphilis was 14.1% (95% CI = 9.8-17.8). FSWs had between 15 and 56 years of age, most were unmarried (65.7%), had attended less than 8 years of formal education (64.1%), had between 10 and 20 partners per week (64.1%), and reported no previous history of STIs (76.1%) and regular use of condom (52.7%). Low level of education attending up to the primary school (RP adjusted = 3.8; 95% CI = 1.4-9.2) and high frequency of anal sex during the past year (RP adjusted = 9.3; 95% CI = 3.5-28.7) were associated with a higher prevalence of syphilis. Conclusions: A high prevalence of syphilis among FSWs in the Brazilian Amazon region was identified, showing that syphilis is more likely to be transmitted in FSW working in low-income areas, which is attributed to the low level of education. Anal intercourse was found as a risk factor associated with syphilis. Health programs focused on risk populations appear as a rational way to control syphilis spread, which is a rising problem in Brazil and in other several countries.

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“…[4] According to 2012 report, the global prevalence of syphilis in adult men and women were 0.49% (0.4-0.6%) and 0.48 (0.3-0.7%). [5] According to 2019 report, the global prevalence of malaria was estimated to be 219 million cases. [6] Blood consists of different blood cells suspended in plasma.…”

Section: B a C K G R O U N Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections in Donors and Utilization of Blood and Components in a Tertiary Care Hospital

T¹,

Ashwini²,

E³

2019

jemds

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A B S T R A C T BACKGROUNDBlood transfusion has hazards of Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTI). Blood has several components whose separation, storage and utilization has brought down adverse reactions in recipients. This study aims at evaluating the prevalence of TTI in donors and the pattern of utilization of blood and its components in a tertiary care hospital. METHODSThis is a retrospective descriptive study done between January to December 2017. Data regarding the screening of blood, component separation, storage, utilization and discarding was collected and analysed. RESULTSOut of 4158 donations screened, prevalence of TTI was 38 (0.9%) and that of HBV and HCV was 36 (0.86%) and 2 (0.04%). None of them were positive for HIV, Syphilis and Malaria. Total blood units collected were 10,184. PRBC (32.87%) was the most utilized component followed by FFP (30.59%), Platelet (26.18%), WB (10.33%) and Cryoprecipitate (0.04%). Obstetric (45.42%) cases were most benefited. Out of 143 units discarded, 84 units (58.74%) were discarded due to sero-positivity. CONCLUSIONSThis study analyses the prevalence of TTIs in a tertiary care centre over a period of one year and also emphasizes the appropriate and judicious use of blood and blood components.

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Syphilis prevalence trends in adult women in 132 countries – estimations using the Spectrum Sexually Transmitted Infections model

Cited by 49 publications

References 36 publications

Diagnosing sexually transmitted infections in resource‐constrained settings: challenges and ways forward

Diagnosing sexually transmitted infections in resource‐constrained settings: challenges and ways forward

Prevalence of syphilis in female sex workers in three countryside cities of the state of Pará, Brazilian Amazon

Prevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections in Donors and Utilization of Blood and Components in a Tertiary Care Hospital

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