Syringe Injection of Water into the Trunk: A Rapid Diagnostic Test for Citrus Blight

Lee, R. F.; Marais, L. J.; Timmer, L. W.; Graham, J. H.

doi:10.1094/pd-69-511

Cited by 36 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…One of the bottlenecks in studying blight disease is lack of reliable, quick, and sensitive disease diagnostic method. The current methods used to detect blight disease include water uptake test, examination of zinc and water‐soluble phenolic levels in the wood, and serological assays for a protein associated with citrus blight (p12) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and identification of canker and blight on orange trees using a hand‐held Raman spectrometer

Sanchez

Pant²,

Irey³

et al. 2019

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening, is a devastating disease of citrus that is debilitating the U.S. citrus industry. The infected trees exhibit yellowing leaves, premature defoliation, and ultimately death of the entire plant. In addition to the devastating impact of HLB alone, infected trees become an easy target for other diseases. This further decreases the fruit yield, shortens the tree life, and complicates management practices. Raman spectroscopy is a noninvasive and nondestructive analytical technique that provides insight on the chemical structure of a specimen. In this study, we demonstrate that utilization of a hand‐held Raman spectrometer in combination with chemometric analyses enables detection and identification of the secondary disease such as blight on HLB‐infected orange trees (HLB + BL). We also showed that using this spectroscopic approach, we could detect and identify canker and distinguish this disease from healthy trees, HLB, and HLB + BL with high accuracy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and identification of canker and blight on orange trees using a hand‐held Raman spectrometer

Sanchez

Pant²,

Irey³

et al. 2019

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…Secondly, the expression pattern of starch related genes is in agreement with the observation of a large number of starch grains in the parenchyma cells of the phloem [ 31 ]. Furthermore, the gene expression pattern of blight trees is consistent with the drought stress due to xylem blockage [ 6 ]. Starch synthesis genes were up-regulated in blight trees (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…These trees were approximately 20 years old. The trees were diagnosed as blight-diseased based on visual symptoms, the p12 immunoassay on leaf tissues (Additional file 1 : Figure S2), and water uptake results [ 6 , 7 ]. The trees were followed for two years for disease development after sampling.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptome analysis of root response to citrus blight based on the newly assembled Swingle citrumelo draft genome

et al. 2016

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BackgroundCitrus blight is a citrus tree overall decline disease and causes serious losses in the citrus industry worldwide. Although it was described more than one hundred years ago, its causal agent remains unknown and its pathophysiology is not well determined, which hampers our understanding of the disease and design of suitable disease management.ResultsIn this study, we sequenced and assembled the draft genome for Swingle citrumelo, one important citrus rootstock. The draft genome is approximately 280 Mb, which covers 74 % of the estimated Swingle citrumelo genome and the average coverage is around 15X. The draft genome of Swingle citrumelo enabled us to conduct transcriptome analysis of roots of blight and healthy Swingle citrumelo using RNA-seq. The RNA-seq was reliable as evidenced by the high consistence of RNA-seq analysis and quantitative reverse transcription PCR results (R2 = 0.966). Comparison of the gene expression profiles between blight and healthy root samples revealed the molecular mechanism underneath the characteristic blight phenotypes including decline, starch accumulation, and drought stress. The JA and ET biosynthesis and signaling pathways showed decreased transcript abundance, whereas SA-mediated defense-related genes showed increased transcript abundance in blight trees, suggesting unclassified biotrophic pathogen was involved in this disease.ConclusionsOverall, the Swingle citrumelo draft genome generated in this study will advance our understanding of plant biology and contribute to the citrus breeding. Transcriptome analysis of blight and healthy trees deepened our understanding of the pathophysiology of citrus blight.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2779-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…For this study, blight‐affected trees were identified on the basis of visual symptoms (Nemec, 1985/86), as well as on their water uptake (Lee et al ., 1984) and on zinc diagnostic tests (Smith, 1974). For zinc analysis, three samples per tree (20 diseased trees and 20 healthy appearing trees) per area were considered.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Fusarium‐produced naphthazarins in citrus trees and sensitivity of rootstocks to isomarticin in relation to citrus blight

2001

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Fusarium solani, the causal fungus of root and crown rot of citrus, produces naphthazarin toxins that were shown to be toxic to citrus plants. It was found that citrus trees in South Africa had varying levels of naphthazarins in their xylem. Significantly higher concentrations of these toxins were detected in trees with blight symptoms than in symptomless trees. Citrus seedlings grown in hydroponic culture containing isomarticin showed inhibition of growth, shortening of roots and accumulation of zinc in the trunk wood. Zinc deficiency symptoms were also observed on certain rootstocks. A procedural ranking of rootstocks indicated that trees with observed tolerance to blight in the field generally had higher tolerance to isomarticin in hydroponic culture, whereas trees susceptible to blight were more sensitive to the toxin. These findings indicate that Fusarium-produced isomarticin is involved in the induction of some of the symptoms associated with citrus blight syndrome.

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Syringe Injection of Water into the Trunk: A Rapid Diagnostic Test for Citrus Blight

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Detection and identification of canker and blight on orange trees using a hand‐held Raman spectrometer

Detection and identification of canker and blight on orange trees using a hand‐held Raman spectrometer

Transcriptome analysis of root response to citrus blight based on the newly assembled Swingle citrumelo draft genome

Occurrence of Fusarium‐produced naphthazarins in citrus trees and sensitivity of rootstocks to isomarticin in relation to citrus blight

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