Syringyl-Rich Lignin Renders Poplars More Resistant to Degradation by Wood Decay Fungi

Skyba, Oleksandr; Douglas, Carl J.; Mansfield, Shawn D.

doi:10.1128/aem.03182-12

Cited by 111 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Cultures were incubated for 5 days on a rotary shaker (150 rpm) at 37°C. Carbohydrate and lignin composition levels of wood samples have been reported previously (21). Notably, line 64, line 82, and parental line P717 had similar overall lignin contents but feature approximately 94 mol%, 85 mol%, and 65 mol% syringyl units, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In recent years, lignin composition in poplar has been modified by gene misregulation, and, in one case, altered lignin improved the efficiency of saccharification and fermentation to ethanol (20). The enzymatic mechanisms underlying lignin degradation remain uncertain, but recent analysis suggests that transgenic poplar with increased ratios of syringyl to guaiacyl lignin monomers are relatively more resistant to fungal attack (21).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of Populus Genotype on Gene Expression by the Wood Decay Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Gaskell

Marty

Mozuch

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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fWe examined gene expression patterns in the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium when it colonizes hybrid poplar (Populus alba ؋ tremula) and syringyl (S)-rich transgenic derivatives. A combination of microarrays and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) allowed detection of a total of 9,959 transcripts and 793 proteins. Comparisons of P. chrysosporium transcript abundance in medium containing poplar or glucose as a sole carbon source showed 113 regulated genes, 11 of which were significantly higher (>2-fold, P < 0.05) in transgenic line 64 relative to the parental line. Possibly related to the very large amounts of syringyl (S) units in this transgenic tree (94 mol% S), several oxidoreductases were among the upregulated genes. Peptides corresponding to a total of 18 oxidoreductases were identified in medium consisting of biomass from line 64 or 82 (85 mol% S) but not in the parental clone (65 mol% S). These results demonstrate that P. chrysosporium gene expression patterns are substantially influenced by lignin composition.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Populus Genotype on Gene Expression by the Wood Decay Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Gaskell

Marty

Mozuch

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The chemical composition of extractives depends directly on the wood species, and important variability exists among the ones mentioned above, leading to important variations in their content, chemical composition, and biological properties (55). A recent study showed that transgenic poplar lines enriched in syringyl lignin are more resistant to fungal degradation, suggesting a toxic effect of these subunits (56).…”

Section: Transcriptomic Analysis (I) Overview Of Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Responses of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to Oak Acetonic Extracts: Focus on a New Glutathione Transferase

Thuillier

Chibani

Bellı́

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The first steps of wood degradation by fungi lead to the release of toxic compounds known as extractives. To better understand how lignolytic fungi cope with the toxicity of these molecules, a transcriptomic analysis of Phanerochaete chrysosporium genes was performed in the presence of oak acetonic extracts. It reveals that in complement to the extracellular machinery of degradation, intracellular antioxidant and detoxification systems contribute to the lignolytic capabilities of fungi, presumably by preventing cellular damages and maintaining fungal health. Focusing on these systems, a glutathione transferase (P. chrysosporium GTT2.1 [PcGTT2.1]) has been selected for functional characterization. This enzyme, not characterized so far in basidiomycetes, has been classified first as a GTT2 compared to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae isoform. However, a deeper analysis shows that the GTT2.1 isoform has evolved functionally to reduce lipid peroxidation by recognizing high-molecular-weight peroxides as substrates. Moreover, the GTT2.1 gene has been lost in some non-wood-decay fungi. This example suggests that the intracellular detoxification system evolved concomitantly with the extracellular ligninolytic machinery in relation to the capacity of fungi to degrade wood.

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“…Previous studies have shown that during the initial stages of fungal degradation, the carbohydrates most modified were sugars derived from the primary walls and middle lamella (galactose and arabinose). These are often recognized as the building blocks of hemicelluloses and/or arabinogalactan proteins in the primary wall (Skyba et al 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Wood Storage on the Chemical Composition and Indigenous Microflora of Eucalyptus species Used in the Pulping Industry

2017

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Lipophilic extractives naturally occurring in wood tend to coalesce during pulping to form pitch deposits, which have particularly undesirable effects on the pulping process and quality of pulp produced. A chemical characterization of different eucalypt species [Eucalyptus nitens, E. grandis, and E. dunnii (of different site qualities)] wood and generated pulp was performed. This study aimed at determining the effects of wood storage at -20 °C (for 6 months), by examining their chemical composition and indigenous microflora. Fatty acids were the main lipophilic compounds among E. dunnii (SQ3 and SQ4) and E. grandis wood extractives. The wood of E. nitens posed the least risk for pitch deposit formation, making it the most suitable Eucalyptus species for pulping. Storage of wood chips at -20 °C had a similar effect as the traditional method of seasoning (storage of wood outdoors prior to pulping) used for the reduction of lipophilic extractives. A 25 to 44% reduction of total extractives was observed in the raw material after storage. Variations in bacterial and fungal communities were observed after storage, and should be taken into consideration when conducting lab scale trials. If storage of wood chips is necessary for lab testing, it should be retained for a maximum of 3 months at -20 °C.

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Syringyl-Rich Lignin Renders Poplars More Resistant to Degradation by Wood Decay Fungi

Cited by 111 publications

References 67 publications

Influence of Populus Genotype on Gene Expression by the Wood Decay Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Influence of Populus Genotype on Gene Expression by the Wood Decay Fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Transcriptomic Responses of Phanerochaete chrysosporium to Oak Acetonic Extracts: Focus on a New Glutathione Transferase

The Effects of Wood Storage on the Chemical Composition and Indigenous Microflora of Eucalyptus species Used in the Pulping Industry

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